Atomistic study of lateral contact stiffness in friction force microscopy

The effective stiffness of a friction force microscope tip–substrate system is an important parameter that describes the relationship between lateral force and elastic deformation. In this study, we use a multi-spring model to simplify the system, where two contributions, the tip apex stiffness and the lateral contact stiffness, are discussed in detail. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to characterize stiffness by simulating a tip apex subject to shear or sliding over a substrate surface. The results show that, although the height of the tip apex and tip–substrate orientation affect the various stiffness contributions, the contact itself dominates the overall compliance.     

自旋对角接触球轴承弹流润滑与油膜刚度的影响

根据角接触球轴承自旋运动特征,同时考虑弹流润滑效应,建立角接触球轴承考虑自旋运动的弹流润滑模型;采用多重网格法求解弹性变形,利用有限差分法迭代求解雷诺方程,得到较为精确的数值解;分析不同赫兹接触压力、滚道表面粗糙度下自旋对角接触球轴承弹流润滑和油膜刚度的影响。结果表明：考虑自旋时随着Hertz接触压力、自旋角速度增大,油膜厚度减小,油膜压力增大,油膜承压区域呈细长状,并向接触中心靠近;随着滚道表面粗糙度幅值增大,油膜压力和膜厚均出现了波动,且考虑自旋运动时,轴承油膜厚度明显减小,油膜局部压力峰值更大;随着卷吸速度、润滑油黏度增大,油膜刚度减小,而考虑自旋运动时油膜刚度值更大;随着自旋角速度增大,油膜刚度逐渐增大。     

高速机床工作台筋板的结构仿生设计

针对高速机床工作台的轻量化设计要求,采用结构仿生的方法对其筋板布置方式和参数进行了优化。在分析轻质高效生物体结构的主要特点及其构型规律的基础上,总结出几条轻量化仿生设计准则,并根据结构仿生的基本方法提出工作台筋板的6种仿生构型。利用Ansys的APDL程序分别确定最优参数,验证轻量化效果。结果表明:根据变形区域调整筋板分布形式,以及在最大变形梯度方向上设置对角筋能够实现结构比刚度效能的提高,为改变传统的筋板设计思路提供了一种新方法。     

Theoretical and experimental investigations of a variable- impedance hydrodynamic bearing

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a hydrodynamic bearing whose oil film dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients could be tuned to take on low values, without upsetting the bearing steady load carrying capacity, in order to obtain an improved dynamic response for machines running in such bearings. It was required that this tuning of the bearing dynamic characteristics could be carried out after assembly of the machine in question, and if necessary while the machine was in operation.A theoretical analysis of the new design of bearing was carried out, based on a finite-difference model of the bearing oil film. This analysis enabled the steady-state load carrying capacity of the bearing to be calculated for any particular running conditions. The oil film stiffness and damping characteristics were then calculated using the finite-displacement technique; these were then used to calculate the unbalance response of a flexible rotor running in such bearings. Experimental measurements of the unbalance response of a model rotor running in the new bearing design were also recorded, and compared with similar measurements obtained when conventional bearings were used.Both theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed new bearing design has a similar steady load carrying capacity to that of conventional hydrodynamic bearings, but that the unbalanced response and force transmissibility of machines running in the new design of bearing are substantially superior to that obtained with conventional bearings.     

Nitroxide‐mediated synthesis of styrenic‐based segmented and tapered block copolymers using poly(lactide)‐functionalized TEMPO macromediators

Poly(styrene)‐poly(lactide) (PS‐PLA), poly (tert‐butyl styrene)‐poly(lactide) (PtBuS‐PLA) diblocks, and poly(tert‐butyl styrene)‐poly(styrene)‐poly(lactide) (PtBuS‐PS‐PLA) segmented and tapered triblocks of controlled segment lengths were synthesized using nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization. Well‐defined PLA‐functionalized macromediators derived from hydroxyl terminated TEMPO (PLA_T) of various molecular weights mediated polymerizations of the styrenic monomers in bulk and in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution at 120–130°C. PS‐PLA and PtBuS‐PLA diblocks were characterized by narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index (M_w/M_n) < 1.3) when using the PLA_T mediator with the lowest number average molecular weight M_n= 6.1 kg/mol while broader molecular weight distributions were exhibited (M_w/M_n = 1.47‐1.65) when using higher molecular weight mediators (M_n = 7.4 kg/mol and 11.3 kg/mol). Segmented PtBuS‐PS‐PLA triblocks were initiated cleanly from PtBuS‐PLA diblocks although polymerizations were very rapid with PS segments ～ 5–10 kg/mol added within 3–10 min of polymerization at 130°C in 50 wt % DMF solution. Tapering from the PtBuS to the PS segment in semibatch mode at a lower temperature of 120°C and in 50 wt % DMF solution was effective in incorporating a short random segment of PtBuS‐ran‐PS while maintaining a relatively narrow monomodal molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n ≈ 1.5). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

广义JGP-内射环

称环R是右广义JGP-内射环(简称为G-JGP-内射环),如果对任意的0≠a∈J,存在0≠b∈R使得ab≠0且任意右R-同态f:abR→RR都可以扩张为R到R的同态.右广义JGP-内射环是右JGP-内射环的推广.在本文中研究并给出了G-JGP-内射环的一些刻画.推广了已知的相关结论.     

颗粒驱动软体驱动器设计及FEM-DEM运动分析

颗粒物质具有流动传压和阻塞刚化的双相特性,是变刚度软体机器人的理想驱动介质.由于颗粒物质复杂的力学特性,颗粒驱动软体机器人运动预测极具挑战性.综合考虑颗粒物质的离散性和超弹软体型腔的连续性,本文提出了一种基于FEM-DEM耦合计算的软体驱动器运动分析方法.为降低颗粒充入软体型腔时的局部径向膨胀,设计了具有径向增强约束的弯曲驱动器软体型腔结构.利用FEM-DEM耦合计算方法对此驱动器的运动变形规律进行了分析,同时采用基于颗粒物质Mohr-Coulomb连续介质模型的FEM开展了对比计算.利用3D打印和硅胶浇注技术制造驱动器样机,测试了软体驱动器的运动特性及变刚度能力.研究结果表明:与基于Mohr-Coulomb模型的FEM相比,利用FEM-DEM耦合计算方法,可使驱动器弯曲角度的预测精度提高约14.3%;使用较小直径的颗粒介质可以提高机器人的变形能力;与前期研究中的原始方案相比,本文提出的径向增强约束驱动器在不削弱刚度调节能力的前提下,最大弯曲角度从48.9°提升至了72.7°.     

环Z／（2^e）上压缩序列ae-1＋η（a0,a1,…,ae-2）的局部保熵性

设f（x）是Z／（2^e）上的强本原多项式,a,b是Z／（2^e）上由f（x）生成的任意两条本原序列。设a=a0＋a1·＋ae-1·2^e-1,b=b0＋b1·2＋…＋be-1·2^e-1。分别是a,b的2-adic权位分解,则对形如Xe-1＋η（x0,x1,…,xe-2）的任一e元布尔函数,压缩序列ae-1＋η（a0,a1,…,ae-2）是局部保熵的,即a=b当且仅当对所有满足a（t）=1的非负整数t,都有a^e-1（t）＋η（a0（t）,a1（t）,…,ae-2（t））=be-1（t）＋η（b0（t）,b（t）,…,be-2（t））,其中a是Z／（2）上由f（x）和a0确定的m-序列。     

新型纺纱用钢领钢丝圈发展趋势探讨

为了提高纱线品质及纺纱生产效率,分析了纤维生产中钢领、钢丝圈这对重要摩擦副的发展趋势;从原材料选择到热处理成型加工详细说明了钢领、钢丝圈制造过程出现的问题和注意事项;回顾了计划经济时期,钢领、钢丝圈制造中的实际困难,分析了钢领、钢丝圈配套研发的优势及必要性,提出了其常用配套使用方案并比较了在细号集聚纺和高速环锭纺纱配套选用的纺纱质量。指出:纯棉纤维将减少,仿棉纤维比例将上升;无走熟期,寿命长,节能,能适应高速集聚纺和高速环锭纺纱需要将是未来较长时间内钢领、钢丝圈的发展方向。     

大环糊精制备条件的优化

采用Plackett-Burman设计筛选了4-α-葡萄糖基转移酶作用高直链玉米淀粉制备大环糊精的条件,同时采用Box-Behnken设计进行了优化。结果表明:加酶量、温度及时间3个因素能够显著影响大环糊精的产率,t-检验结果显示,Box-Behnken设计预测模型显著(P≤0.05),失拟项不显著(P≥0.05)。预测模型的相关系数R2为0.940 4,表明模型回归良好。用该预测模型预测得到的大环糊精的产率为56.58%,预测得到的最佳实验条件为加酶量91.34 U/g、温度71.7°C、时间6.8h。在该实验条件下测定得到的大环糊精的产率为55%,比优化前提高了2.3倍。制备得到的大环糊精经鉴定,聚合度为20～40,环状比例为47%。