煤液化用煤种的选择研究

影响煤加氢液化反应的因素很多,不同的煤对氢敏感度不一样,有的容易加氢,有的不容易加氢.显然容易加氢的煤在经济上就比较划算.在煤的工业分析、元素分析和煤岩相显微组分含量分析的基础上,简要讨论了原料煤对煤液化的影响.在煤的组成和物理性质等与液化特征之间建立良好的对应关系,总结出适合煤液化用煤种的一些特性.     

Effect of agitation in the hydrogenation of castor oil

Castor oil was hydrogenated to evaluate the effect of agitation during hydrogenation. The turbine and propeller impellers were evaluated during hydrogenation of castor oil at various temperatures, pressures, and catalyst concentrations. The effect of impeller position in the agitator at definite oil depth was also evaluated. Hydrogenation of castor oil at 130°C, 2.0 kg/cm² hydrogen gas pressure with 0.5% Ni catalyst for 6 h while using two turbine impellers fitted in an agitator, one close to the reactor bottom and another at a height just below the top oil layer, revolving at 350 rpm, resulted in a product of a iodine value of 4.1, hydroxyl value of 156.4, and slip point of 84°C.     

A study about the effect of the temperature of hydrogen treatment on the properties of Ru/Al2O3 and Ru/C and their catalytic behavior during 1-heptyne semi-hydrogenation

The 1-heptyne selective hydrogenation carried out at 150 kPa, and at 283 and 303 K using Ru/Al₂O₃ and Ru/C as catalysts, was studied. Catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation technique using RuCl₃ as precursor. Ru/Al₂O₃ was treated in hydrogen at 373 or 573 K and Ru/C only at the last temperature. Catalysts were characterized by hydrogen chemisorption, TPR and XPS. Ru dispersion after treatment in hydrogen at the highest temperature is similar for both catalysts. Ru is present as Ru⁰ in Ru/C, while Ru⁰ and Ru electron-deficient species are present on the catalysts surface after hydrogen treatment at the two temperatures using Al₂O₃ as support. The best catalytic behavior was observed for the highest temperature of hydrogen treatment and for 303 K reaction temperature. As a consequence of a shape selectivity effect of the C support, the best conversion is obtained with the alumina supported catalyst.     

俄罗斯减压渣油超临界萃取残渣的催化加氢反应研究

以高压反应釜为反应器、环己烷为溶剂,选用分子筛、金属及舍金3大类共6种催化剂,对俄罗斯减压渣油超临界萃取所得残渣的非催化及催化加氢反应进行研究。结果表明,采用NKF-β型和Y型分子筛作为催化剂,残渣加氢反应产物中芳烃的相对含量超过55％;采用金属Fe、Ni以及合金Co—Fe、Pd—C作为催化剂,残渣加氢反应产物中正构烷烃的相对含量超过70％;除采用Fe和Pd—C作为催化剂的残渣加氢反应产物之外,在其他各组产物中均检测到少量含氧化合物,而在以NKF-β型分子筛作为催化剂的加氢反应产物中还检测出含氮化合物。针对各组加氢反应产物中化合物相对含量的差异,推测了残渣在不同类型催化剂作用下可能存在的反应途径。     

二氧化硅负载支链有机膦的合成及其在二氧化碳催化氢化反应中的催化性能

以改性二氧化硅为核,利用发散法合成出二氧化硅负载的1～6代端胺基树枝状高分子(SiO2-PAMAM),样品经FT-IR,TG和端胺基分析表征.利用功能化载体表面的氨基与[Ph2P(CH2OH)2]+Cl-发生反应,合成出SiO2-PAMAM负载的有机膦(SiO2-PAMAM-PPh2),与三氯化钌复配成催化体系,考察了其对吗啉存在下的二氧化碳催化氢化反应的催化性能,该催化体系的催化活性(TOF)可达4 195.     

Bench-scale continuous hydrogenation of Australian coals — study of iron catalysts and recycle solvent composition

The inter-relations between iron catalysts, recycle solvent composition and product yield and composition have been investigated in bench-scale (1–2 kg h^?1) continuous hydrogenation of Australian coals at process severity of 21–22 MPa at 400–430°C. Products and recycle solvent are recovered in batch distillation (atmospheric and vacuum) and the distillate solvent is returned to slurry feed without further treatment. Successive samples of recycle solvent are analysed by g.c.-m.s., i.r. and titrimetry. The effect of adding iron catalysts in the form of red mud - sulphur mixtures or compounds after a short period of continuous operation without catalyst is demonstrated. Distillate yields from black coals increase from 24–34 wt% daf under non-catalytic conditions to 35–53 wt% daf by adding iron catalysts. The composition of the almost equilibrated recycle solvent also changes and a new equilibrium is approached after the iron catalyst is added. The effect of solvent composition on distillate yield can not be determined from these data. The ratio of hydroaromatic components to hydroaromatic plus aromatic components in the solvent increases from ≈0.2 at non-catalytic equilibrium to ≈0.5–0.6 at catalysed equilibrium after adding iron. Other compositional parameters in the recycle solvent do not show any clear responses to the addition of iron. Equilibrium solvent composition under constant operating conditions is attained at ≈10 passes at 1 kg ^h?1 throughput with total system holdup of ≈20 kg. Paraffins for the Queensland subbituminous coal equilibrated at 18–24% in the solvent, phenolics at 16–21%, basic nitrogen at ≈0.4% (as N), and the balance a mixture of aromatics and hydroaromatics. The total aromatics neglecting phenolics in the equilibrium recycle solvent consists of ≈40–50% each of two-and three-ring and 5–10% four-ring members.     

加氢还原新工艺及设备

介绍了二硝基甲苯液相加氢还原制备二氨基甲苯的生产工艺 ,催化剂采用含 0 1%～ 0 3%骨架镍的浆状催化剂 ,反应温度为 10 0℃ ,氢气压力在 15～ 2 0MPa,所得二氨基甲苯的纯度为 99%。还介绍了带复合式搅拌器的加氢反应釜、环式加氢反应器、循环反应器、卧式连续加氢反应器和三相固定床反应器。     

MnO_(x/γ)-Al_2O_3催化加氢合成3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛

α将3,5-二羟基苯甲酸与硫酸二甲酯在碱性条件下反应生成3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯,然后在高压下以MnOx/y-Al2O3为催化剂催化加氢得到3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛。总收率81.7％。催化剂采用共沉淀法制备,Mn载量wMn=15.3％。     

Ni2P/Fe-HAP催化剂的表征及其苯酚加氢表面作用机理

以低品级羟基磷灰石(HAP)为原料,通过离子交换法合成载体Fe-HAP,然后用浸渍法制备出负载型Ni_2P/HAP和Ni_2P/Fe-HAP催化剂。通过BET、SEM、XRD、FTIR和TG等手段对催化剂进行了表征。Fe~(3+)的引入极大地提高了载体的比表面积,Ni_2P分散在Fe-HAP表面,热稳定性较好。以苯酚加氢制备环己酮为反应体系,在反应温度为150℃、压力为0.5 MPa、时间为3.5 h的条件下,对比了Ni_2P/HAP和Ni_2P/Fe-HAP催化剂的催化性能。结果发现,Ni_2P/Fe-HAP催化剂对苯酚的转化率为65.73%,环己酮选择性为85.47%,催化性能相对良好。     

对映选择性氢化法合成苯甘氨酸甲酯

以α 肟基苯乙酸甲酯为原料,硫酸奎宁为修饰剂,通过Pd/C催化氢化合成苯甘氨酸甲酯。考察了反应温度、溶剂、修饰剂的量对对映选择性的影响。最佳反应条件:25～28℃、乙醇为溶剂、氢气压力101 325kPa、n(修饰剂)∶n(底物)=1∶10,苯甘氨酸甲酯的光学产率达51 3%。