The Holy Alignment: Geodesic and Astronomical Fundamentals for Calculating the Adjustment of Medieval Naves

It is commonly believed that the longitudinal axes of churches extend exactly in an east-west direction. However, thorough investigations have shown that this is not always correct; rather, both southern and northern deviations of up to about 25° can occur. The angular deviation between the church axis and true east is called the Holy Alignment. This present study presents the possibility that the nave is oriented towards the direction of the sun-rising point on the name day of the patron saint of the church. If several saints share the patronage, the Holy Alignment equals the algebraic sum of the angular distances for each saint. The orientation of a nave can be analyzed by means of common mathematical relations used in geodesy, astronomy and gnomonics. In order to perform such an analysis, it is necessary to know the history of the patronage of the church; the Gauss-Krüger coordinates of the ground plan; and characteristic astronomical quantities at the time the church was built. A calculated example with the saints Andrew, James and Philip for the year 980 illustrates the analysis. An appendix deals with the influence of atmospheric refraction on the apparent altitude of the sun near the horizon.     

儿童对人性化产品的影响力

现在的产品设计与开发,不再以成人世界为主流,市场趋势逐朝向更年青的消费者为主。在儿童成长的过程中,除了家人、亲友陪伴,伴随成长的产品扮演了不可或缺的角色。我国对少年儿童产品设计仍存在些主要问题:设计创新能力不足、造型美感能力薄弱、对使用者的人性角度关怀不够、使用材质与安全性欠缺考虑和考虑角度不够人性化。设计者应在儿童产品设计上,添加更多人性化角度,在产品中应强调细节开发、色彩等,从中建立儿童个人独特个性和发展。     

浅析国产动画创作中的突破与传承

近年来,国产动画产业成长迅速,日益朝着产业规模化的方向发展,然而在动画艺术的创作上却始终找不到准确的定位,无法突破瓶颈。本文试从动画电影的内容与形式两方面进行分析,探索一条适合中国动画发展的道路,提出了结合贴近现代社会生活的题材与符合中国传统审美意识的艺术形式的创作理念。     

城市街区空间引导系统的设计思考

城市街区空间引导系统与人们的日常生活息息相关,为人们的出行提供了便捷的标识引导,同时它也是城市形象的重要组成部分之一。本文分析总结了该系统的设计原则,并从视觉传达学科入手分析其视觉元素的设计。为了设计无语言障碍和有个性、地域化的城市街区空间引导系统,从符号、文字、色彩三方面对其进行设计思考。     

Proteomic analysis of sera of asymptomatic,early‐stage patients with Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease (WD) is characterized by excessive accumulation of intracellular copper in liver and extrahepatic tissues, leading to significant oxidative stress and tissue damage. To date, several diagnostic biomarkers for WD such as serum ceruloplasmin, serum or urine copper levels and copper content in liver have been identified. However, these biomarkers may not be convincing for the diagnosis in some WD patients. To identify additional novel diagnostic biomarkers, we compared the serum protein profiles of asymptomatic childhood WD patients (n=20), without neurologic manifestation or liver cirrhosis, with normal controls (n=13). Fourteen spots, five up‐regulated and nine down‐regulated (>2‐fold), were differentially expressed in WD patients in comparison to normal control on 2‐DE. Among them, three spots were down‐regulated in both male and female WD. MS/MS analysis revealed that the three spots were complement component C3, complement factor B and alpha‐2 macroglobulin. By comparative proteome analysis, complement component C3, complement factor B and alpha‐2 macroglobulin, which are related to oxidative stress and inflammation, turned out to be good candidates for novel diagnostic biomarkers for early stages of WD.     

MBS对PVC的增韧作用及其机理的探讨

本文通过扫描电镜观察了ＰＶＣ／ＭＢＳ共混物银纹的发展和冲击断面形貌,并测定了银纹体的密度变化。采用光散射法分析银纹和剪切带比例。合成不同玻璃化温度的ＭＢＳ考察它对ＰＶＣ增韧的影响,进行有关ＭＢＳ对ＰＶＣ增韧机理的探讨。     

相容剂控制高分子合金的形态与性能

应用相容剂可得到优质的“海岛”两相分散结构、分散相纤维化以及分散相层化两相分散结构,由此赋予共混体系高性能或高机能。相容剂在制备高性能或机能性高分子合金领域中日益起着重要的作用。     

氯化聚乙烯双亲性接枝聚合物的合成与表征（Ⅰ）

采用“架桥剂”法,以马来酸酐（ＭＡＮ）为“架桥剂”,使氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）主链上接上一定数量的酸酐基团,然后利用接上去的酸酐基团与ＰＭＭＡ－ＯＨ、ＰＥＧ、ＰＰＧ、ＰＴＭＧ等反应合成了主链疏水、支链亲水或疏水的双亲性聚合物,并用ＩＲ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ进行了表征。     

"Evaluation of child witnesses for confrontation by criminal defendants": Erratum.

Reports an error in the original article by M. A. Small and G. B. Melton (Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 1994[August], Vol 25[3], 228–233). Footnote 1 incorrectly indicates that the Craig brief was written without the aid of private legal counsel. Though the brief in question was written with more APA member involvement than has been the case for other briefs, private legal counsel participated and was listed as a coauthor. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1994-43476-001.) States have passed legislation governing the procedures by which children may testify in cases of child abuse. In Maryland v. Craig (1990), the US Supreme Court reviewed the constitutionality of these procedures. As a result, psychologists may be asked to perform evaluations regarding the potential trauma a child faces in confronting a defendant in a criminal case. Specifically, opinions of psychologists may be sought as to the potential trauma a child may endure as a result of a face-to-face confrontation with a defendant. Research relevant to this assessment is reviewed, and it is suggested that psychologists may be of most help in preparing children to testify.… (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Novel bulk modulus model to estimate stiffness in fluid power systems

A precise evaluation of the bulk modulus is essential for the efficient simulation and accurate design of hydraulic circuits. The compression and dissolution of air bubbles in hydraulic oil can affect the density as well as the effective bulk modulus during corresponding operation. To address this phenomenon, this study presents a novel model for the bulk modulus. The representation does not rely on the tangent or the secant definition of the bulk modulus, but on the assumption of compression as a polytropic process. The results are compared to various experimental studies, showing that the new model can properly reproduce the experimental data. In addition, a model based on new bulk modulus and a model based on a commercial software are used for the simulation of four-chamber cylinder in digital fluid power circuits. These simulations verify that the LMS model can be reliable though a discrepancy exists in reproducing the position of piston, which will be increased by time.