韩贞的圣贤之志与善处之修

韩贞是泰州学派的重要成员,也是我国明代较有影响的平民思想家和教育家。“羲皇世界”是韩贞所盼望的理想社会,“成贤成圣”是韩贞一生的追求。韩贞认为,要成圣成贤就要像王艮那样立志,并始终保持对社会积极有为的心态。在出处问题上,韩贞提出了出而有节、处为一等的用世主张。他一生未仕,但始终把聚徒讲学、明道化人作为自己责任,同时他甘...     

辽河盆地东部凹陷深部煤层气成藏条件评价

辽河盆地是我国煤、油、气共生盆地之一，开展该盆地东部凹陷深部煤层气成藏条件评价，对于优选煤层气有利探区，实现该区煤层气与常规油气共采具有重要意义。从气源条件、储集条件和保存条件3个方面，分析了东部凹陷深部煤层气的成藏条件，并对其进行综合评价，结果表明东部凹陷具有煤层分布面积广、厚度大、变质程度低、含气量低、含气饱和度高、埋藏较深、煤层气地质储量丰富及保存条件良好等特点，认为该区煤层气成藏条件较好，能够实现与常规油气共采，具有很好的勘探开发前景。     

Assessment of the Effective Antioxidant Activity of Edible Films Taking into Account Films–Food Simulants and Films–Environment Interactions

Six gelatin films incorporating different ratios of sage oil (SO) and hemp oil (HO) were subjected to contact with food simulants and environmental exposure, respectively, for 3 months, at 15 000 lx light intensity, 40°C and 65% relative humidity. The migration and degradation, respectively, of the antioxidants into the simulants as well as their loss in the environment were mathematically modelled. The fastest release rate of antioxidants was noticed in the case of SO : HO 0 : 2 in 85% ethanol while the highest degradation rates were achieved after 18 days in the case of SO : HO 0 : 2 in water and 3% acetic acid and after 22 days in 85% ethanol. The antioxidants from SO : HO 0 : 2 were lost to the largest extent (5.37%) while those from SO : HO 1 : 1 to the lowest extent (3.49%). SO : HO 1 : 1 was selected as the most efficient film, by optimizing the amount of antioxidants available solely for food protection with the longest stability in the simulants. From industrial point of view, the mathematical modelling of the previously mentioned processes allows for the selection of the most effective film from a group with comparable physical–chemical–microbiological properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antioxidative activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and borage (Borago officinalis L.) extracts in rapeseed oil

The antioxidant activity (AA) of acetone oleoresins (AcO) and deodorised acetone extracts (DAE) of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and borage (Borago officinalis L.) were tested in refined, bleached and deodorised rapeseed oil applying the Schaal Oven Test and weight gain methods at 80 °C and the Rancimat method at 120 °C. The additives (0.1 wt‐%) of plant extracts stabilised rapeseed oil efficiently against its autoxidation; their effect was higher than that of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (0.02%). AcO and DAE obtained from the same herbal material extracted a different AA. The activity of sage and borage DAE was lower than that of AcO obtained from the same herb, whereas the AA of savory DAE was higher than that of savory AcO. The effect of the extracts on the oil oxidation rate measured by the Rancimat method was less significant. In that case higher concentrations (0.5 wt‐%) of sage and savory AcO were needed to achieve a more distinct oil stabilisation.     

Evaluation of antioxidants for cod liver oil by chemiluminescence and the rancimat method

Commercial blends of natural antioxidants,viz., tocopherol concentrates, rosemary extracts, sage extracts, and lecithins, were tested for their ability to stabilize cod liver oil. The antioxidants were tested by using the Rancimat apparatus at 80°C and by a method based on hypochlorite-activated chemiluminescence analysis of samples stored at 35°C for 24 h in light. In addition, a stability study at 5°C in the dark for 8 wk, under conditions realistic for normal consumption of cod liver oil was carried out. A low correlation (r=0.339) was found between Rancimat induction times and chemiluminescence data for the sixteen antioxidant systems tested, probably due to temperature differences, and different ways of detecting oxidation products. Based on Rancimat induction times, δ-tocopherol-rich antioxidants and lecithin had the best stabilizing effect. However, based on the chemiluminescence method, the tocopherols acted as prooxidants, while tocopherols with lecithin increased the stability. Both Racimat and chemiluminescence data showed stabilizing effects with rosemary and sage extracts, but no synergistic effect between the herbal extracts and lecithin or tocopherol was observed. Analyses of oil aged at 5°C for 8 wk showed the highest stability for cod liver oil containing rose-mary extracts. The tocopherol mixtures showed only a minor effect on the stability. Ranking of antioxidants varied considerably depending on the method used, and increasing the temperature seemed to decrease the usefulness of the method. Antioxidant evaluation has to be done by using as many evaluation methods as possible under conditions relevant for normal storage and use.     

High antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from sage by supercritical co2 extraction

The ethanolic extract of sage(Salvia officinalis L.) was separated into five fractions through reextraction with supercritical CO₂. Further fractionation of the most active antioxidant fractions by means of liquid chromatography, with silicic acid as absorbent, yielded 2H-10,4α-(epoxy methano)-phenantren-12-one-1,3,4,9,10,10αhexahydro-5, 6-dihydroxy-9α-ethoxy-1,1-dimethyl-7-(1methylethy), (rosmanol-9-ethyl ether). The same compound was isolated from the alcoholic extract of the hyssop(Hyssopus officinalis L.). Rosmanol-9-ethyl ether was shown to be one of the active antioxidant components in sage and hyssop, with activity much greater than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).     

Comparative analysis of clary sage (S. sclarea L.) oil volatiles by GC–FTIR and GC–MS

The comparative analysis of volatiles in essential oil by gas chromatography–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (GC–FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) are investigated using a DB-wax capillary column. This technique is applied to allelochemicals present in volatiles. The identification analysis of volatile components in four kinds of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) oil is described. The GC–FTIR information obtained is complementary to the information obtained from GC–MS. With the IR subtractive spectrum technique, the GC overlap peaks can be resolved without further separate step on the other column of different polarity. Combined with GC–FTIR, GC–MS techniques, and linear retention indices (RI) of the volatile compounds, the reliability of qualitative analysis is greatly enhanced.     

用于低电压穿越测试的电压跌落发生器研究

随着新能源中风力发电容量占电网比重的不断增加,新的电网运行准则要求风电机组具有一定的低电压穿越运行能力,电压跌落发生器是测试风电机组低压穿越性能的重要装置.这里在分析真实电网电压跌落类型的基础上,提出一种基于比例积分谐振控制器的电压跌落发生器控制策略,以实现故障电压正负序分量的精确控制.实验结果表明,基于该方法的电压跌...     

Optimization of Hydrocolloid Extraction From Wild Sage Seed (Salvia macrosiphon) Using Response Surface

The effect of temperature (25–80°C), water to seed ratio (25:1–85:1) and pH (3–9) on the yield, apparent viscosity and emulsion stability index of wild sage seed hydrocolloid was investigated. The generated quadratic model showed that the optimum conditions for maximizing the responses were when temperature was 25°C, water to seed ratio was 51:1 and pH was 5.5. All hydrocolloid solutions (1% w/v) showed shear thinning behavior in different extraction conditions, consistency coefficient and flow behavior index varied from 4.455 to 9.435 (Pa.sⁿ), and 0.317 to 0.374, respectively. Besides, the chemical compositions of the seed and extracted gum were determined at optimal conditions.