裂缝转向对低渗地层水平井压裂的影响

水力裂缝转向作为压裂过程中的一种重要现象,可造成近井筒裂缝的弯曲,对于裂缝中支撑剂的传输和流体的流动规律具有很大影响,可最终影响水力压裂的成败和人工裂缝的导流能力。统计了长庆油田水平井压裂施工的部分资料,分析了长庆油田水平井压裂的特点。结合二维裂缝的平面应变模型,建立了裂缝转向的曲率半径与地层物性参数和压裂施工参数的关系,并针对性地分析了不同参数对于裂缝曲率半径的影响。结果表明,水平应力差对裂缝的转向距离有决定性的影响,压裂施工排量对水力裂缝高度的增长贡献显著,控制排量、延长注液时间能有效增加裂缝长度。结论对于压裂参数优化设计和水力压裂施工具有参考意义。     

深层低渗气藏岩心渗透率测试技术探索

储层岩石渗透率是量度油气流动能力最重要的物性参数之一。因此,准确测定地层岩石渗透率,特别是地层岩石就地渗透率对科学开发油气田具有重要意义。深层低渗气藏由于上覆压力大、地温高、渗透率低(一般小于1×10     

考虑软土流变特性和应力历史的一维固结与渗透试验

利用GDS先进固结试验系统对萧山软土进行了常规分级加载固结与渗透试验、分级加载流变固结与渗透试验、压缩－回弹－再压缩流变固结与渗透试验,绘制了沉降曲线、孔压消散曲线以及孔隙比和渗透系数的变化曲线,通过回归分析得到了萧山软土的压缩指数、回弹指数、渗透指数、次固结系数。试验结果表明：萧山软土具有明显的流变特性,对于正常固结萧山软土,土样底部超静孔压消散大约在加载后5个小时左右完成,而超固结土孔压消散速度比正常固结土快;应力历史和超固结比对次固结系数有显著的影响。     

A Comprehensive Identification and Function Analysis of Serine/Arginine-Rich (SR) Proteins in Cotton (Gossypium spp.)

As one of the most important factors in alternative splicing (AS) events, serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins not only participate in the growth and development of plants but also play pivotal roles in abiotic stresses. However, the research about SR proteins in cotton is still lacking. In this study, we performed an extensive comparative analysis of SR proteins and determined their phylogeny in the plant lineage. A total of 169 SR family members were identified from four Gossypium species, and these genes could be divided into eight distinct subfamilies. The domain, motif distribution and gene structure of cotton SR proteins are conserved within each subfamily. The expansion of SR genes is mainly contributed by WGD and allopolyploidization events in cotton. The selection pressure analysis showed that all the paralogous gene pairs were under purifying selection pressure. Many cis-elements responding to abiotic stress and phytohormones were identified in the upstream sequences of the GhSR genes. Expression profiling suggested that some GhSR genes may involve in the pathways of plant resistance to abiotic stresses. The WGCNA analysis showed that GhSCL-8 co-expressed with many abiotic responding related genes in a salt-responding network. The Y2H assays showed that GhSCL-8 could interact with GhSRs in other subfamilies. The subcellular location analysis showed that GhSCL-8 is expressed in the nucleus. The further VIGS assays showed that the silencing of GhSCL-8 could decrease salt tolerance in cotton. These results expand our knowledge of the evolution of the SR gene family in plants, and they will also contribute to the elucidation of the biological functions of SR genes in the future.     

Supplementation with SCFAs Re-Establishes Microbiota Composition and Attenuates Hyperalgesia and Pain in a Mouse Model of NTG-Induced Migraine

Migraine is a common brain-disorder that affects 15% of the population. Converging evidence shows that migraine is associated with gastrointestinal disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the gut and brain in patients with migraine are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the role of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as sodium propionate (SP) and sodium butyrate (SB) on microbiota profile and intestinal permeability in a mouse model of migraine induced by nitroglycerine (NTG). The mice were orally administered SB and SP at the dose of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, 5 min after NTG intraperitoneal injections. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate migraine-like pain. Histological and molecular analyses were performed on the intestine. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was extracted from frozen fecal samples and sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq System. Our results demonstrated that the SP and SB treatments attenuated hyperalgesia and pain following NTG injection. Moreover, SP and SB reduced histological damage in the intestine and restored intestinal permeability and the intestinal microbiota profile. These results provide corroborating evidence that SB and SP exert a protective effect on central sensitization induced by NTG through a modulation of intestinal microbiota, suggesting the potential application of SCFAs as novel supportive therapies for intestinal disfunction associated with migraine.     

东濮凹陷砂岩储集层物性参数关系研究及随钻应用方法

储集层的物性参数是评价储集层的重要基础数据,对储集层评价的准确程度有较大影响,文章统计分析结果表明砂岩储集层岩石密度与储集层主要物性参数之间有良好的相关性。以区域统计规律为基础,建立了东濮凹陷砂岩储集层体积密度与孔隙度和渗透率的关系方程。介绍了录井施工现场应用岩屑样品体积置换法、泥岩密度计法两种常规检测方法,能较准确的获取砂岩储集层的体积密度,反演计算孔隙度和渗透率数据,合理评价储集层物性参数,为准确评价储集层提供了可信度高的重要基础数据,从而弥补了录井现场物性参数获取不足的缺陷,在随钻评价油气储集层过程中有一定的实用价值。     

低透气性煤层高压水力压裂—冲孔联合增透技术研究及应用

针对深部开采煤层普遍存在的构造应力复杂、透气性系数低、抽采效果差等问题,为探究最优的瓦斯抽采技术方案,以水溪煤矿K₁松软煤层为研究对象,分别采用水力压裂、水力冲孔、普通抽采和高压水力压裂—冲孔联合增透4种技术,进行现场对比应用试验。结果表明：高压水力压裂—冲孔联合增透技术对煤层透气性系数的提高程度分别为水力压裂、水力冲孔和普通抽采方案的1.85、1.61、6.30倍,抽采瓦斯纯流量分别提高了1.42、1.33、2.32倍,此外,抽采汇总瓦斯浓度(CH₄体积分数)保持在42.6%以上,抽采效率为四者之中最高。现场应用结果表明,高压水力压裂—冲孔联合增透技术具有明显的技术优势。     

低渗透污染土水动力弥散参数试验研究

污染土的治理中通常采用降低渗透性的措施来控制其二次污染。通过获得其水动力弥散参数可以对其二次污染进行评价和预测,但是现有的土柱试验以及求解方法不适用于低渗透污染土水动力弥散参数的测定和求解。针对低渗透污染土水动力弥散参数试验和求解的问题,提出采用改进的柔性壁渗透仪测定其污染物的穿透曲线,根据所获得的穿透曲线,采用数值反演的方法计算污染土的水动力弥散参数。结果表明,采用柔性壁渗透仪和数值反演的方法,能够满足低渗透污染土水动力弥散参数测定的需要。     

盐业钻井大队职工培训初探

随着知识经济的到来,职工培训在组织发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文针对盐业钻井大队职工培训的现状,进行了问题分析,提出了建立学习型组织、完善的培训体系和畅通的运行机制的建议,最后强调了制定培训计划应从加强培训需求性的调查研究、加强组织培训的协调性等五个方面把握。     

Plenary Session: The Operator's Reliability and Safety in Industry L'Homme Agent d'infiabilite et de Fiabilite du Processus Industriel

When we look at the course of development of world civilization, we can recognize that the speed of development is becoming faster and faster. The author tries to examine the possible danger of this accelerated speed or change and to explain Japan's high pitch development after the opening of her door to the western world about 100 years ago. Ho also explains how human factors studies have been developing in Japan and their significance with regard to social change. Concerning this rapidly changing world civilization, he discusses the mission of human factors research in the future and the ways to maintain humanity.