几种模具表面强化新技术的简介

本文从电火化、热喷涂、金属表面喷丸，等离子化学热处理，离子注入，TD处理、气相沉积、激光表面处理等几方面介绍了提高模具使用寿命的表面强化新技术。     

Oxidation and hot corrosion of coated and bare oxide dispersion strengthened superalloy MA-755E

Cyclic hot corrosion and oxidation testing of an experimental oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloy MA-755E were conducted in a hot gas stream at Mach 0.3. The response of the ODS alloy, bare or with protective coatings, was similar to that of a conventional cast alloy, IN-792, in hot corrosion at 900°C. However, during oxidation at 1100 and 1150°C the ODS alloy differed from the cast alloy by developing a greater amount of subsurface porosity. Compared with a diffused aluminide coating, an electron beam vapor deposited NiCrAlY coating offered superior oxidation protection and decreased porosity formation. In additional testing, the tendency to form porosity was associated with the large grains of recrystallized powder metallurgy alloys but was independent of the presence of an oxide dispersion.     

电刷镀纳米晶镀层的组织及其强化机理

采用直流、脉冲和脉冲换向电流制备了Ni和n—SiO2／Ni电刷镀镀层，利用SEM、AFM、TEM和XRD等技术对镀层的表面形貌、显微组织和晶粒尺寸等进行了分析测量。结果表明，电刷镀层表面呈胞状组织，镀层的晶粒尺寸均在纳米量级，说明电刷镀技术是一个古老而未被认识的纳米技术；复合电刷镀过程中纳米颗粒的作用及脉冲换向电流，能进一步提高镀层的形核率及抑制晶粒的生长，从而减小纳米晶的尺寸。镀层的硬度与纳米晶的尺寸有很好的对应关系。     

"KQDL系列冲天炉"成果研讨

针对冲天炉,冷风炉、热风炉、水冷却炉存在的问题试制出了"KQDL系列冲天炉".论述了"KQDL系列冲天炉"采用空气冷却、强化预热、单排龙卷风供风原理和特点.通过生产实践与传统冲天炉的比较,认为这种新型冲天炉可给企业带来明显的经济效益,同时可使铁水质量明显提高,这种新型冲天炉有很高的性价比,可使冲天炉的设计更上一层楼.     

Y2O3／CeO2复合强化钼合金（MYC）丝的研究

采用粉冶法制备了添加Y2O3／CeO2(≤0．6w％)的复合强化钼合金(MYC)丝。用XRD标定合金相组成，用SEM观察合金的显微组织，用万能电子拉伸机测定合金丝的力学性能并将测定结果与纯钼丝进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：添加Y2O3／CeO2复合强化钼合金的相组成为Mo，YMoO4和CeO2；MYC合金断口具有典型的塑性断裂特征，MYC合金丝在1600℃退火后仍然表现明显的纤维状织构组织形态。     

扩散处理对Si3N4陶瓷与金属钎焊接头的强化作用

用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪分析和讨论了复合电镀Ni-Ti陶瓷与金属钎焊接头的强度、微观结构和其界面结合机制。试验表明：扩散处理对陶瓷与金属钎焊接头有强化作用。经辉光扩散处理后，Ti向陶瓷界面扩散，Ni-Ti层与陶瓷发生界面反应。     

New development in welding thin-shell aluminum alloy structures with high strength

From the viewpoint of welding mechanics, two new welding methods-welding with trailing peening and welding with trailing impactive rolling were introduced. For aluminum alloy thin-shell structures with high strength, welding will lead to hot cracking, poor joint and distortion. In order to solve them, trailing impactive device was used behind welding torch to impact the different positions of welded joints, thus realizing the welding with free-hot cracking, low distortion and join tstrengthening. By use of impactive rolling wheels instead of peening heads, the outlook of welded specimen can be improved and stress concentration at weld toes can be reduced. Equipment of this technology is simple and portable. It can used to weld sheets, longitudinal and ring-like beams of tube-like structures, as well as the thin-shell structures with closed welds such as flanges and hatches. So the technology has the wide application foreground in the fields of aviation and aerospace.     

Dispersion-strengthening effect of Cu-based Mn, Al, and Zn rich alloys

In this systematic study, dispersion-strengthening effect of the Cu–25.91Mn (wt.%), Cu–26.62Mn–8.99Al (wt.%), Cu–22.17Mn–12.32Zn (wt.%) ingot alloys have been investigated. Samples were homogenized at a high fixed temperature in different periods and cooled with different cooling rates. After processes, microanalysis of the samples were interpreted by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and weight percentages of the elements of the occurrence phases in the samples obtained by using electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) technique. Additionally, some characteristic properties of the heat treated samples with different conditions of Cu–Mn, Cu–Mn–Al, Cu–Mn–Zn ingot alloys were also discussed.     

置氢量对TC4钛合金激光焊接头组织相变及硬度的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等研究了置氢量分别在0%、0.05%、0.16%和0.37%时的TC4钛合金激光焊接头的显微组织及相变,并用数字显微硬度计分析置氢后接头硬度的变化规律,阐述其影响机制。结果表明:随着置氢量的增加,母材中的α相减少,β相增加;焊缝组织由针状马氏体α′相转变为片层状组织,且母材和焊缝组织向同一方向转变。接头显微硬度随置氢量的增加逐渐降低,且母材和焊缝的硬度差值逐步缩小,当置氢量为0.37%时,焊缝和母材的硬度差最小,为13 HV。置氢量影响TC4钛合金接头硬度的原因是接头中软化相β、氢化物δ和氢的固溶强化等引起的多种相变的作用。     

35CrMo钢的临界区热处理

研究了３５ＣｒＭｏ钢经不同温度临界区热处理后的显微组织与性能，并着重探讨了对其低温韧性的影响，试验结果得出：３５ＣｒＭｏ钢经临界区淬火并４７０℃中温回火后，与常规热处理态在保持等强度的同时，低温韧性有明显提高，－２０℃的冲击值提高８０％。