Conductivity features of semiconducting tungsten‐phosphate glasses

The ac conductivity of 70WO₃–30P₂O₅ glass composition prepared by melt quenching was first studied in the temperature range 25°C to 350°C. The conductivity of the semiconducting glass is investigated with various electrodes (Pt and Ga‐Ag alloy). It is shown that the type of spectrum of cell impedance depends on the chosen electrodes. The influence of the samples geometry on the conduction is established. The influence of gas atmosphere (argon, oxygen, and air of different humidity) on electrical conductivity of tungsten‐phosphate glass on is studied for the first time. A mixed electronic‐ionic conductivity in the 70WO₃–30P₂O₅ glass is found out. The transport numbers are shown as a function of temperature. Ionic and electronic contribution to the conduction is estimated. The electrical conductivity of glass undergoes changes from 8.6 × 10^?8 (25°C) to 3.1 × 10^?4 S/cm (300°C) in air.     

On the Impact of Linear Siloxanated Side Chains on the Molecular Self-Assembling and Charge Transport Properties of Conjugated Polymers

Herein reported is the impact of the functionalization of four different semiconducting polymer structures by a linear siloxane-terminated side-chains. The latter is tetrasiloxane (Si₄) or trisiloxane (Si₃) chains, substituted at their extremity to a pentylene linker. The polymer structure is based on 5,6-difluorobenzothiadiazole comonomer (PF2), a diketopyrrolopyrrole unit (PDPP-TT), a naphtalediimide unit (PNDI-T₂), and a poly[bis(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2,b]thiophene (PBTTT). The properties of these siloxane-functionalized polymers are scrutinized and compared with the ones of their alkyl-substituted polymer analogues. The impact of the alkyl-to-siloxane chain substitution clearly depends on the molecular section of the side chains. When a branched 2-octyldodecyl chain (C₂₀) is replaced by a Si₄ chain of same molecular section, the greatest impact is the strong increase of the π-stacking overlap of the polymer backbones. This effect leads to a significative enhancement of the charge mobility values of the polymers. As in-plane and out-of-plane mobility are increased simultaneously, this π-overlap enhancement effect happens to be preponderant over the polymer orientation variations. When a linear tetradecyl chain (C₁₄) is replaced by a linear Si₃ chain of twice larger molecular section, the polymer structure is profoundly affected. While PBTTT-C₁₄ is crystalline and purely edge-on, PBTTT-Si₃ is mesomorphic and shows a mixed face-on/edge-on orientation.     

Regulating the Photophysical Property of Organic/Polymer Optical Agents for Promoted Cancer Phototheranostics

On the basis of the Jablonski diagram, the photophysical properties of optical agents are highly associated with biomedical function and efficacy. Herein, the focus is on organic/polymer optical agents and the recent progress in the main strategies for regulating their photophysical properties to achieve superior cancer diagnosis/phototheranostics applications are highlighted. Both the approaches of nanoengineering and molecular design, which can lead to optimized effectiveness of required biomedical function, are discussed.     

钛酸锶铅基陶瓷材料的半导化研究

研究了（Ｓｒ０．４８Ｐｂ０．４８Ｙ０．０３Ｃａ０．０１）ＴｉＯ３基陶瓷的半导化行为。结果表明：ＰｂＯ适当过量有利于半导化。Ｒａｍａｎ光谱，ＡＥＳ分析表明，随着ＳｉＯ２含量的增量，氧空位浓度及Ｔｉ＾３＋浓度增大，ＸＲＤ分析表明，随ＳｉＯ２含量增大，轴比ｃ／ａ增大。     

BaTiO_3半导瓷在电功率作用下的PTC特性

ＢａＴｉＯ３半导瓷在电功率作用下的ＰＴＣ特性最好用电阻率－电场强度（ρ－Ｅ）特性曲线表示。ρ－Ｅ特性能很好地反映电功率作用下电阻突跃变化程度。不同散热条件的ρ－Ｅ特性也不同，ρ－Ｅ特性同时还能表示该元件的抗电场击穿能力。散热条件良好，可产生更大的电热功率，可承受更高的工作电压     

Preparation and Photoelectric Conversion Mechanism of Semiconducting ITO/Cu2O Electrodes

Semiconducting cuprous oxide films were electrodeposited onto conducting glasses coated with Indium Tin Oxide （ITO） using potentiostatic method. The electrodes were examined by means of X-Ray Diffraction （XRD） and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrum （XPS）. The results indicate that the prepared films are cubic Cu2O crystals, and annealing enhances the size and preferred orientation of the films. The photoelectric conversion mechanism of semiconducting ITO/Cu2O electrodes in 0.1 mol/L potassium sulfate （K2SO4） solution is further discussed by using Linear Sweep Voltammetry （LSV） method. The differences of photoelectric conversion of electrodes are reasonably deduced and proved through surfactant modifying, annealing or not, respectively.     

全透明低回滞s-SWCNT/AgNW薄膜晶体管的可控制备

利用高纯度、高均一性的半导体型单壁碳纳米管(s-SWCNT)网络薄膜作为薄膜晶体管的沟道材料,以高透明度、低薄膜电阻的银纳米线(Ag NW)网络薄膜作为源、漏电极,在玻璃基底上制备了大面积、高透明度的碳纳米管薄膜晶体管阵列,并使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)薄膜在器件表面通过干法封装获得了较低回滞的电子器件,得到了整体透明度达到82%以上的器件。提出的器件制备方法不仅制备材料易得,不需要高温过程,而且能够实现器件的大面积制备,对碳纳米管薄膜晶体管的全透明柔性化进程具有推进作用。     

Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistor under Operation

Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor (EGOFET) under operation can be probed at the nanoscale using scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment. Local electrostatic force versus gate voltage transfer characteristics are obtained on the device and correlated with the global current–voltage transfer characteristics of the EGOFET. Nanoscale maps of the conductivity of the semiconducting channel show the dependence of the channel conductivity on the gate voltage and its variation along the channel due to the space charge limited conduction. The maps reveal very small electrical heterogeneities, which correspond to local interfacial capacitance variations due to an ultrathin non-uniform insulating layer resulting from a phase separation in the organic semiconducting blend. Present results offer insights into the transduction mechanism at the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at scales down to ≈100 nm, which can bring substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications such as electrical recording on excitable cells or label-free biosensing.     

Tunable Dopants with Intrinsic Counterion Separation Reveal the Effects of Electron Affinity on Dopant Intercalation and Free Carrier Production in Sequentially Doped Conjugated Polymer Films

Carrier mobility in doped conjugated polymers is limited by Coulomb interactions with dopant counterions. This complicates studying the effect of the dopant's oxidation potential on carrier generation because different dopants have different Coulomb interactions with polarons on the polymer backbone. Here, dodecaborane (DDB)‐based dopants are used, which electrostatically shield counterions from carriers and have tunable redox potentials at constant size and shape. DDB dopants produce mobile carriers due to spatial separation of the counterion, and those with greater energetic offsets produce more carriers. Neutron reflectometry indicates that dopant infiltration into conjugated polymer films is redox‐potential‐driven. Remarkably, X‐ray scattering shows that despite their large 2‐nm size, DDBs intercalate into the crystalline polymer lamellae like small molecules, indicating that this is the preferred location for dopants of any size. These findings elucidate why doping conjugated polymers usually produces integer, rather than partial charge transfer: dopant counterions effectively intercalate into the lamellae, far from the polarons on the polymer backbone. Finally, it is shown that the IR spectrum provides a simple way to determine polaron mobility. Overall, higher oxidation potentials lead to higher doping efficiencies, with values reaching 100% for driving forces sufficient to dope poorly crystalline regions of the film.     

The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F4TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films

The properties of molecularly doped films of conjugated polymers are explored as the crystallinity of the polymer is systematically varied. Solution sequential processing (SqP) was used to introduce 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F₄TCNQ) into poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) while preserving the pristine polymer's degree of crystallinity. X‐ray data suggest that F₄TCNQ anions reside primarily in the amorphous regions of the film as well as in the P3HT lamellae between the side chains, but do not π‐stack within the polymer crystallites. Optical spectroscopy shows that the polaron absorption redshifts with increasing polymer crystallinity and increases in cross section. Theoretical modeling suggests that the polaron spectrum is inhomogeneously broadened by the presence of the anions, which reside on average 6–8 Å from the polymer backbone. Electrical measurements show that the conductivity of P3HT films doped by F₄TCNQ via SqP can be improved by increasing the polymer crystallinity. AC magnetic field Hall measurements show that the increased conductivity results from improved mobility of the carriers with increasing crystallinity, reaching over 0.1 cm² V^?1 s^?1 in the most crystalline P3HT samples. Temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements show that polaron mobility in SqP‐doped P3HT is still dominated by hopping transport, but that more crystalline samples are on the edge of a transition to diffusive transport at room temperature.