The Mixture of Salvianolic Acids from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Total Flavonoids from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Attenuate Sulfur Mustard-Induced Injury

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a vesicating chemical warfare agent used in numerous military conflicts and remains a potential chemical threat to the present day. Exposure to SM causes the depletion of cellular antioxidant thiols, mainly glutathione (GSH), which may lead to a series of SM-associated toxic responses. MSTF is the mixture of salvianolic acids (SA) of Salvia miltiorrhiza and total flavonoids (TFA) of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. SA is the main water-soluble phenolic compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza. TFA mainly includes mangiferin, isomangiferin and neomangiferin. SA and TFA possess diverse activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities. In this study, we mainly investigated the therapeutic effects of MSTF on SM toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Treatment with MSTF 1 h after subcutaneous injection with 3.5 mg/kg (equivalent to 0.7 LD₅₀) SM significantly increased the survival levels of rats and attenuated the SM-induced morphological changes in the testis, small intestine and liver tissues. Treatment with MSTF at doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg caused a significant (p < 0.05) reversal in SM-induced GSH depletion. Gene expression profiles revealed that treatment with MSTF had a dramatic effect on gene expression changes caused by SM. Treatment with MSTF prevented SM-induced differential expression of 93.8% (973 genes) of 1037 genes. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly involved in a total of 36 pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, antigen processing and presentation. These data suggest that MSTF attenuates SM-induced injury by increasing GSH and targeting multiple pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway, as well as antigen processing and presentation. These results suggest that MSTF has the potential to be used as a potential therapeutic agent against SM injuries.     

PI3K and AKT: Unfaithful Partners in Cancer

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway regulates multiple cellular processes. An overactivation of the pathway is frequently present in human malignancies and plays a key role in cancer progression. Hence, its inhibition has become a promising approach in cancer therapy. However, the development of resistances, such as the abrogation of negative feedback mechanisms or the activation of other proliferative signaling pathways, has considerably limited the anticancer efficacy of PI3K/AKT inhibitors. In addition, emerging evidence points out that although AKT is acknowledged as the major downstream effector of PI3K, both PI3K and AKT can operate independently of each other in cancer, revealing another level of complexity in this pathway. Here, we highlight the complex relationship between PI3K and AKT in cancer and further discuss the consequences of this relationship for cancer therapy.     

手机信令数据在城市建成环境评价中的应用——以上海市宝山区为例

城市建成环境与个人时空间行为之间具有密切的互动关系.利用手机信令数据,从职住关系、通勤行为和居民消费休闲出行行为的微观个体行为视角构建城市建成环境的评价框架,以上海市宝山区为例进行城市建成环境的综合评价.研究表明,居民各类活动、出行行为在空间分布上具有明显差异,受到用地、交通、区位等建成环境因素影响显著,综合分析得出宝山整体建成环境的发展呈现出南北不同的格局,具有明显的近中心城、新城和近轨道交通轴线的发展特征.最后,简要探讨了利用手机信令数据对城市建成环境评价的应用价值,并结合评价结果和区域发展目标,对宝山区的空间调整优化和居民行为引导提出建议.     

抗血小板溶栓素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用机制研究

目的: 探讨抗血小板溶栓素（anti-platelet thrombolysin,APT）对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的机制。方法: 采用TLR4-siRNA在体转染技术,下调大鼠脑组织中Toll样受体4（TLR4）蛋白表达。分别取野生型和TLR4下调的SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组,模型组,TLR4阻断剂（TAK-242 2 mg/kg）组,APT高、中、低组（0.02、0.01、0.005 mg/kg）,每组8只。线拴法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型,G-LISA法测定大鼠脑组织中RhoA蛋白活性,Western blot 法测定脑组织中TLR4、RhoA相关卷曲螺旋形成蛋白激酶（ROCK1/2）、磷酸化的c-Jun氨基末端激酶（p-JNK）蛋白表达。结果: 与对照组比较,TLR4-siRNA在体转染大鼠脑组织中TLR4蛋白表达明显下降;在野生型大鼠中,与模型组比较,抗血小板溶栓素可明显降低脑组织中TLR4 蛋白表达,抑制RhoA活性,减少ROCK1/2、p-JNK蛋白表达;在TLR4下调大鼠中,与模型组比较,APT对脑组织中RhoA活性,ROCK1/2、p-JNK蛋白表达无明显影响。结论: 抗血小板溶栓素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用机制主要与其抑制TLR4/RhoA/ROCK信号通路有关。     

空闲状态下信令缩减机制的研究

在移动通信系统中,当多模终端跨系统进行小区重选时,需要进行位置区域更新。如果频繁跨越不同系统,终端会反复进行位置更新,从而使空口和网络产生大量的位置区域更新信令。为了解决这一问题,在LTE/SAE部署初期,引入了空闲状态下信令缩减机制——ISR（Idle State Signaling Reduction）。本文介绍了ISR机制提出的背景,分析了添加ISR机制后的网络架构及ISR机制的关键参数,说明了ISR机制的相关过程。     

GSM网络短信增值业务实现方案

本文介绍了短信增值业务的业务属性和种类,通过分析GSM网络中短信业务的流程,提出了多种实现方案,并对各种方案的优缺点进行分析,为进行短信增值业务平台建设提供参考借鉴。     

一种新型的ASON安全组播信令协议

针对自动变换光网络组播信令过程中存在的安全威胁,提出了一种高效的基于GMPLS RSVP-TE的安全组播信令协议。该协议采用P2MP(point-to-multipoint)信令模型,通过数字签名和消息反馈等安全机制,对信令消息中的不变对象和重要可变对象实施保护。考虑到组播成员的动态变化特性,采用高效的组密钥管理策略保证组通信的前向安全性和后向安全性。经仿真实验及分析表明,该协议在保证安全建立组播树的同时,取得了较好的连接阻塞性能和较低的密钥更新时延。     

LTE网络中ESM协议分析与设计

论述了纯分组接入的3GPP LTE优化系统,此优化系统可以提供更高的数据速率、更低的传输时延,提高其覆盖范围和频谱利用率.介绍了3GPP提出的有关符合LTE标准一些主要特征,包括优化信令、优化无线传输和无线接入网.主要讨论了符合LTE标准的ESM协议所应考虑的一些内容,如网络控制的业务、QoS聚合和缺省IP接入业务.最后,分析了ESM信令协议的会话建立时延,结果表明,LTE系统中ESM信令协议较先前的3G UMTS系统有很大的改善.