稠油热采纳米乳化降粘技术研究与应用

对常规稠油降粘剂和加入纳米助剂后的乳化降粘剂进行了对比评价。试验结果表明,加入纳米助剂后在表面张力、降粘效果、耐温、耐盐和脱水等方面略有改善,在驱替效果方面明显改善。现场应用纳米降粘剂后,油井平均日产油量、产油量、和油汽比等吞吐指标均有所提高,蒸汽吞吐效果明显改善,单井措施增油120t,为稠油热采进一步改善开发效果和提高原油采收率提供了技术支持。     

同轴式双空心抽油杆下入深度设计方法

同轴式双空心抽油杆加热系统可有效解决高凝油井井筒易结蜡、稠油井产液黏度较高的问题,但考虑油井生产效率、开采成本及综合的经济效益,需要计算出最佳的抽油杆下入深度。以井口出油温度最优为目标,同轴式双空心抽油杆下入深度、循环水进口温度为约束条件,建立了井口出油温度C计算模型。利用该模型进行求解时,先用迭代法进行同轴式双空心抽油杆下入深度优化,然后在优化结果基础上进行抽油机载荷校核。建立的井口出油温度计算模型及同轴式双空心抽油杆下入深度确定方法,在现场13口油井进行了应用。结果表明,该方法避免了以前设计人员凭经验确定抽油杆下深的弊端,可靠性更高,且有效时率平均提高14.1百分点,既满足了生产需要又节省了油井开发成本。      

IC工厂水的回收与回用

针对不同的芯片工厂类型的用水特点,提出不同的纯水回用方法。     

超细银粉制备技术的现状与展望

本文介绍了超细银粉制备技术的各种方法,尤其重点介绍了真空油面蒸发法和沉淀过滤法等。并对各种方法的优缺点作了比较。同时展望了今后超细银粉制备技术的发展方向。     

BDN染料的锁模特性和基态恢复时间

本文报道了国产BDN染料的碘乙烷溶液、吡啶溶液和二甲亚砜溶液的锁模特性和基态恢复时间。     

摇摆结构及自复位结构研究综述

城市桥梁是经济和社会发展的重要基础设施,特别是重要桥梁以及由其构成的网络在灾难发生后如何快速恢复,对社会安定和地区发展十分重要。近年来抗震韧性倍受关注,如何考虑结构可恢复性并将韧性纳入桥梁系统抗震性能综合评估和优化,还存在很多问题尚待研究。该文定量分析桥梁震后恢复过程、剩余功能和修复时间与韧性指标间的联系,建立城市桥梁系统性能评估方法。由桥梁不同损伤状态计算不同恢复过程的剩余功能、修复时间、可恢复性和震后经济损失;对震后恢复过程的功能函数模型给出建议,量化不同震后恢复策略的影响;将韧性纳入城市桥梁系统抗震性能框架中,提出城市桥梁系统震后可恢复性评估框架,对风险高低不同采用不同的修复过程;对震后经济损失、可恢复性和震前修/改造成本采用多目标优化算法NSGA-II求解震前提升韧性优化策略,用于抗震加固措施的选取。通过案例给出了方法流程,也为城市桥梁系统地震韧性提升提供了新思路。     

A heterogeneous multi-criteria multi-expert decision-support system for scoring combinations of flood mitigation and recovery options

In this study, we developed an innovative operational decision-support system (DSS) based on flood data and mitigation or recovery options, that can be used by both naïve and expert users to score portfolios of flood mitigation or recovery measures. The DSS combines exposure (i.e., economic, social, or environmental values at risk) and resilience (i.e., protection of the main equilibrium functions of human and physical systems). Experts from different fields define indices and functions, stakeholders express their attitudes towards risk, relative weights, and risk perceptions, and both groups use a shared learning process for risk assessment. The DSS algorithms include the “technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution” (TOPSIS) and the “basic linguistic term set” (BLTS) methods for heterogeneous multi-criteria multi-expert decision-making. Decisions are illustrated using fixed or bounded values of flood depth, duration, and frequency, with plausible parameter values, for a case study of Cesenatico. The best mitigation option was construction of sand dunes and development of evacuation plans, which achieved 32% of the potential net benefit. The best recovery option was construction of sand dunes and development of evacuation plans and insurance schemes, which achieved 42% of the potential net benefit. Mitigation options outperformed recovery options whenever the relative importance of exposure with respect to resilience was greater than 95%. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the best mitigation option was most robust with respect to flood duration and depth; the best recovery option was most robust with respect to the relative weights attached to economic, social, and environmental factors. Both options were similarly robust with respect to interdependencies between the options.     

A mathematical model for the distribution balance of extraction processes from waste batteries

The experiments of metal Cd extraction were carried out three times at oil phase/aqueous phase (O/A)=1 and pH 2.2 by using 1.3 mol/L di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) as the agent,with an extraction rate of 99.5%.Experiments on metal Co extraction were done three times at O/A=0.5 and pH 4.7 by using 0.4 mol/L Cyanex 272 as the agent,with an extraction rate of 99.2%.By using equilibrium data and massive calculations to analyze and predict the interaction among the extraction systems,this paper came out with the polynomials of the empirical model as well as their parameter values for the equilibrium concentration of the above two extraction loops.     

Modeling of Mechanical Characteristics in Hot Deformation of 4130 Steel

In this investigation, hot compression tests were performed at 900 °C ? 1100 °C and strain rate of 0.001 ? 0.1 s^?1 to study hot deformation behavior and flow stress model of 4130 steel. Based on the classical stress–dislocation relations and the kinematics of the dynamic recrystallization, the flow stress constitutive equations of the work hardening‐dynamical recovery period and dynamical recrystallization period were established for 4130 steel, respectively. The validity of the model was demonstrated by comparing the experimental data with the numerical results. The agreement of this comparison is quite reasonable.