Synthesis and chain extension of nitroxide‐terminated styrene–maleimide copolymers

Thermal radical copolymerization of styrene (S) and maleimide (MI) at 125°C in diglyme in the presence of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxyl radical (TEMPO) was studied. Mole fractions of maleimide in the feed, F_MI, varied in the range 0.1–0.9. A quasiliving reaction process proceeded yielding copolymers with a low polydispersity (M_w/M_n = 1.17–1.41). The found azeotropic composition, (F_MI)_A = 0.46, did not differ substantially from that (0.5) in the conventional radical S‐MI copolymerization. At a higher conversion or MI content in the feed, deactivation of the copolymer chains occurred. The obtained TEMPO‐terminated S‐MI copolymers readily initiated polymerization of styrene; chain extension of the macroinitiators took place, giving poly(S‐co‐MI)‐block‐poly(S) diblock copolymers. The synthesized copolymers containing S and MI units were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1863–1868, 2004     

固溶体补强增韧的机理

本文主要对无机非金属材料晶体因固溶外来离子而对晶体强度和韧性的贡献进行阐述。本文从固溶类型、点阵畸变、畸变应力着手进行讨论。     

硅橡胶合成催化剂氢氧化四甲铵的制备新工艺

采用有效面积为4.5dm~2的全氟阳离子交换膜,在阳极室容积为500mL、阴极室容积为580mL的二室单膜电渗析槽内,以四甲基氯化铵为原料,制备了合成有机硅橡胶及其他有机硅产品聚合用催化剂氢氧化四甲铵(Me_4NOH)。阳极室四甲基氯化铵浓度为30％(质量),阴极室可得到纯度为 13％-15％、Cl~-<0.01％、Na~+<0.0001％和 K~+<0.000 5％的 Me_4NOH。产品经减压浓缩即得到 Me_4NOH·5H_2O晶体。     

PRIVACY LEAKAGE IN HEALTH SOCIAL NETWORKS

Members of health social networks may be susceptible to privacy leaks by the amount of information they leave behind. The threat to privacy increases when members of these networks reuse their pseudonyms in other social networks. The risk of re‐identifying users from such networks requires quantitative estimates to evaluate its magnitude. The estimates will enable managers and members of health social communities to take corrective measures. We introduce a new re‐identification attack, the social network attack, that takes advantage of the fact that users reuse their pseudonyms. To demonstrate the attack, we establish links between MedHelp and Twitter (two popular social networks) based on matching pseudonyms. We used Bayesian networks to model the re‐identification risk and used stylometric techniques to identify the strength of the links. On the basis of our model 7‐11. 8% of the MedHelp members in the sample population who reused their pseudonyms in Twitter were re‐identifiable compared with 1% who did not. The risk estimates were measured at the 5% risk threshold. Our model was able to re‐identify users with a sensitivity of 41% and specificity of 96%. The potential for re‐identification increases as more data is accumulated from these profiles, which makes the threat of re‐identification more serious.     

废聚酯饮料瓶裂解制备聚酯清漆

叙述了以废聚酯饮料瓶为原料,经过醇解、酯化以及缩聚等工艺过程,制成透明聚酯清漆。该法为废饮料瓶回收利用开辟了可行之路,也为聚酯清漆找到了廉价的原材料。     

农药品种及其原料中间体的现状和展望

介绍了近年来新开发的农药品种及所需的原料和中间体，并提出了发展建议。     

苯酐法合成蒽醌固体酸催化剂的进展

蒽醌(AQ)是重要的有机合成中间体,采用固体酸催化剂代替传统的液体酸催化剂可以使蒽醌合成过程绿色环保。笔者对固体酸催化剂硅-铝酸盐、粘土矿物、金属氧化物、分子筛、杂多酸催化剂、阳离子交换树脂应用于蒽醌合成的研究进展进行了综述,认为固体酸催化剂对蒽醌合成有很好的研究前景。     

Pressure drop for single and two‐phase flow of non‐newtonian liquids in helical coils

New experimental results on pressure loss for the single and two‐phase gas‐liquid flow with non‐Newtonian liquids in helical coils are reported. For a constant value of the curvature ratio, the value of the helix angle of the coils is varied from 2.56° to 9.37°. For single phase flow, the effect of helix angle on pressure loss is found to be negligible in laminar flow regime but pressure loss increases with the increasing value of helix angle in turbulent flow conditions. On the other hand, for the two‐phase flow, the well‐known Lockhart‐Martinelli method correlates the present results for all values of helix angle (2.56‐9.37°) satisfactorily under turbulent/laminar and turbulent/turbulent conditions over the following ranges of variables as: 0.57 ≤ n′ ≤ 1; Re′ < 4000; Re_l < 4000; Re_g < 8000; 8 ≤ x ≤ 1000 and 0.2 ≤ De′ ≤ 1000.     

Potential of microbial growth control in water hydraulic systems by UV‐irradiation and filtration

Water hydraulic systems use water as a pressure medium and, thus, do not pose such adverse environmental impacts as oil hydraulics. Microbial deterioration of the pressure medium and biofouling of the surfaces restrict the applicability of the water‐based technology. The potential of microbial growth control by UV‐irradiation and filtration was studied in a pilot‐scale water hydraulic system. The UV‐irradiation (25 m Ws cm^?2) of the pressure medium reduced the total viable counts of bacteria by 1–2 log₁₀ cfu cm^?3, whereas the total microbial cell numbers and the numbers of surface‐attached microorganisms remained unaffected. Prefiltration (1.2 µm, absolute) of the pressure medium decreased the total microbial cell number in the water phase and retarded the attachment of bacteria. The filtration during the operation (2 µm, absolute) decreased the total numbers of microbial cells and the total viable counts in the pressure medium, and microbial attachment on the surfaces. Microbial attachment was not prevented by filtration. The microbial water quality obtained by pre‐ and on‐line filtration of the pressure medium was sufficient to ensure the long‐term operation of the water hydraulic system assuming that clean work practices are complied with in assembly and during the operation. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers prepared by a salicylaldimine‐aluminum complex

A series of poly(?‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL‐b‐PEG) block copolymers with different molecular weights were synthesized with a salicylaldimine‐aluminum complex in the presence of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol). The block copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR, GPC, WAXD, and DSC. The ¹H NMR and GPC results verify the block structure and narrow molecular weight distribution of the block copolymers. WAXD and DSC results show that crystallization behavior of the block copolymers varies with the composition. When the PCL block is extremely short, only the PEG block is crystallizable. With further increase in the length of the PCL block, both blocks can crystallize. The PCL crystallizes prior to the PEG block and has a stronger suppression effect on crystallization of the PEG block, while the PEG block only exerts a relatively weak adverse effect on crystallization of the PCL block. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007