退火时间对溶液法制备 Tips-Pentacene 电流传输特性的影响

通过测量p+Si/PEDOT∶PSS/Tips-PEN/Ag器件的J-V特性,研究了退火时间对溶液法制备Tips-PEN薄膜电流传输特性的影响。实验结果表明,在退火时间为2h和5h的条件下,随偏置电压的增加,双对数J-V曲线存在斜率依次为2,大于3以及2的不同区域,而在退火时间达到10h后,低电压下斜率为2的区域消失。根据空间电荷限制电流模型,分析了不同区域的电流传输机理,并提取了陷阱密度和空穴的迁移率。在退火时间为10h时,材料有最低的陷阱密度5.70×1018/cm3和最大的空穴迁移率1.68×10-4 cm2/(V·s),其在低偏置下传输特征的改变表明与溶剂残留有关的单一能级陷阱极大减小。     

Characterization of polymer bulk heterojunction photocell with unmodified C70 prepared with halogen-free solvent for indoor light harvesting

Although photocells are commonly characterized under AM1.5G 100 mW cm⁻² (1 sun) illumination, their performance under low light illumination is also important, because photocells are frequently used for indoor applications. In this study, polymer photocells based on a bulk heterojunction composite consisting of a low energy gap polymer PTB7 and unmodified C₇₀ prepared with a halogen-free solvent 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene have been characterized under the illumination of 1 sun or below. A typical photocell with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4% at 1 sun shows the PCE of approximately 7% at 10⁻³ sun, which seems to fit for some indoor applications such as a permanent power source for a wireless sensor node. The sublinear dependence of short-circuit photocurrent on light intensity as well as the increase of fill-factor under low light illumination yields the increased efficiency under low light illumination. An analysis employing a one-diode equivalent circuit model suggests that the increased parallel resistance as well as the decreased saturation current of the diode under low light illumination accounts for the latter feature. It is also pointed out that the parallel resistance and/or the saturation current under dark strongly influence the PCE of a photocell under low light illumination. In addition, the dependence of the device performance on the light intensity is found to be useful for analyzing the effects of the thermal treatment and the PFN interlayer at cathode.     

发射药喷涂涂覆中涂覆液溶剂比的选择

为了优化端面局部阻燃发射药(端面涂覆,且小孔保持通气状态)涂覆层制备的喷涂工艺中涂覆液溶剂比,采用醋酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)作钝感剂,CAB与吸收药片TG-1(皮罗棉和硝化甘油为主要组分)作溶质,乙醇-丙酮(V/V=1/1)为溶剂,按照不同溶剂比制备得到涂覆液,用此涂覆液采用喷涂的工艺制成了涂覆层薄膜和涂覆发射药,利用万能材料测试仪获得涂覆层薄膜的力学强度,并利用三维视频对涂覆层在拉伸前、后的表面结构进行了局部放大观察分析,对不同溶剂比的涂覆发射药进行了密闭爆发器试验。结果表明,涂覆层的力学强度、表面及断裂处形貌与溶剂比有明显联系,溶剂比主要影响了涂覆层材质的均匀性和致密性,是影响涂覆层力学强度的重要因素,从而对涂覆发射药的燃烧渐增性产生影响。当溶剂比为8∶1时,露孔率达到95%以上,同时获得的涂覆层表面最为光滑,其薄膜的拉伸强度最大,为49.75 MPa,断裂处最为整齐,涂覆发射药的燃气动态活度变化值达到0.0920 MPa~(-1)·s~(-1),为所有样品中的最大值。     

Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with a High Open Circuit Voltage of 1 Volt

A series of polymers containing benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and N‐alkylthieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione are designed. By incorporating different alkylthienyl side chains, the fill factor (FF) and open circuit voltage (V_oc) of the copolymers are further improved. The experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the size and topology of the side chains can influence the polymer solubility, energy levels, and intermolecular packing by altering the molecular coplanarity. As a result of improved morphology and fine‐tuned energy levels, an increased FF and a high V_oc of 1.00 V are achieved, as well as a power conversion efficiency of 6.17%, which is the highest efficiency ever reported for polymer solar cells with a V_oc over 1 V.     

幕帘涂布工艺

本文主要介绍涂布与塞孔工艺,并对此工艺进行特征描述与释疑。     

Caffeine in Coffee: Its Removal. Why and How?

The popularity of coffee as a beverage is ever increasing despite the fact that there are reports antagonized to its consumption. Of the several factors cited, the alkaloid caffeine present in coffee can cause addiction and stimulate the central nervous system. It has an effect on the cardiovascular system with a slight increase in blood pressure and heart output. It undergoes biotransformation in the human body to form methylated derivatives of uric acid. In recent times, much effort has gone into the research on the removal of caffeine in coffee, resulting in a specialty product called decaffeinated coffee. Decaffeination methods mainly employ organic solvents or water or supercritical carbon dioxide. These methods with their attendant advantages and disadvantages are reviewed in this article.     

溶剂法浸出棉籽油和脱除棉酚的工艺研究

综述了采用单一溶剂或混合溶剂浸出棉仁生坯（或饼）,提取棉籽油并脱除棉籽粕中棉酚的工艺研究进展情况。     

柴油发动机颗粒排放物的组分研究

重点对柴油机的颗粒排放物进行分析研究,将柴油机颗粒排放中的碳和可溶性有机成分(SOF)分离开来,并对SOF的来源进行了进一步的分离.研究结果表明:润滑油对柴油机颗粒排放中SOF的贡献不容忽视,降低柴油机润滑油消耗量和改善润滑油品质是降低柴油机颗粒排放的重要技术措施之一.     

活性炭对聚丙烯腈共混熔液流变性的影响

共混是合成纤维改性常用的方法．用活性炭与丙烯脯─氯乙烯共聚体共混制得纺丝溶液,以二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂湿法纺丝制造了吸附和阻燃双功能聚丙烯膊纤维．本文主要探讨了共混溶液中活性炭含量,温度等条件对纺丝溶液流变性能的影响．     

CLBO晶体化学机械抛光技术的研究

介绍了硼酸锂铯(CLBO)晶体的应用前景及在化学机械抛光过程中存在的问题,简要分析了晶体在常温下开裂的机理,选用无水溶剂对晶体进行化学机械抛光以防止加工过程中晶体的潮解开裂。分析了抛光液、压力、温度、pH值参数对抛光过程的影响,通过合适配比使速率可达1.5～2μm/min,且表面质量较好。