Near‐Infrared (NIR) Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (OLEDs): Challenges and Opportunities

The rapid development of the science and technology of organic semiconductors has already led to mass application of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) in television monitors of outstanding quality as well as in a large variety of smaller displays found in smartphones, tablets, and other gadgets, while introduction of the technology to the illumination sector is imminent. Notably, the requirements of all such applications for emission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum are well tuned to the optical and electronic properties of typical organic semiconductors, thereby representing relatively “low‐hanging fruits,” in terms of material development and exploitation. However, the question arises as to whether developing materials suited for efficient near‐infrared (NIR, 700–1000 nm) emission is possible, and, crucially, desirable to enable new classes of applications spanning from through‐space, short‐range communications to biomedical sensors, night vision, and more generally security applications to name but a few. Here, the major fundamental hurdles to be overcome to achieve efficient NIR emission from organic π‐conjugated systems are discussed, recent progress is reviewed, and an outlook for further development of both materials and applications is provided.     

Ternary Blend Strategy for Achieving High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Nonfullerene Acceptors Involved

Nonfullerene acceptors have recently drawn considerable attention in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 14% is achieved in single‐junction fullerene‐free OSCs, which has surpassed that of fullerene‐based counterparts. For future commercial applications, however, a high and stable PCE > 15% is required, which entails rational material design and device optimization. In this context, three approaches are generally utilized—the synthesis of novel nonfullerene acceptors and the selection of suitable polymer donors to pair with them, the tandem or multijunction device architecture, and the ternary blend strategy. Compared to the former two methods, the ternary strategy allows to employ the existing photovoltaic materials and the single‐junction device. Therefore, an exploration of nonfullerene acceptor–based ternary blend OSCs (NFTSCs) has shown unprecedented progress since 2016. This review summarizes and classifies the photovoltaic materials utilized in NFTSCs, aiming to not only exhibit the recent development of NFTSCs but also elucidate the correlation among donor/acceptor materials, film morphology, transport dynamics, and device fabrication toward high‐efficiency OSCs. Lastly, the above key advances are highlighted along with the existing issues and insights into the viable path for the further research thrusts are offered.     

流延成型用AlN无苯浆料的制备及其性能研究

氮化铝(AlN)陶瓷具有优良的热、电、力、光学性能,具有广阔的应用前景,已经引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注。以无水乙醇和异丙醇为混合溶剂,研究了分散剂添加量、Y值(表示粘结剂和增塑剂质量之比)、固含量及溶剂种类对AlN浆料性能的影响。在不添加二甲苯的前提下,当分散剂添加量为1.0%(质量分数)、Y值为0.75时,制备了固含量为39.5%(体积分数)的低黏度AlN浆料,并利用流延成型制备了AlN生坯,在氮气气氛中1 825℃,保温4 h烧结后得到相对密度为99.8%、热导率为178 W·m–1·K–1的AlN陶瓷。     

溶剂对RDX热分解的影响

用布氏压力计研究不同溶剂对溶液中RDX热分解的影响。影响分为加速、抑帛和无影响三种影响三种情况：在苯、萘、异辛烷中RDX热分解速率与熔融态一臻,这类溶剂对RDX热分解无影响;脂肪族芳香化合物,醚,酯,酮及醇能加速RDX热分解,粘度较大的化合物则抑制RDX热分解。     

降低清洗溶剂挥发浓度的方法

本文论述影响超声清洗设备清洗溶剂的挥发浓的因素，并提出降低清洗溶剂的挥发浓度一些方法。     

大型天然气净化厂硫磺回收加氢尾气深度脱硫技术研究及工业应用

针对硫磺回收加氢尾气脱硫溶剂在低压下脱硫效果不理想导致排放尾气中SO_2质量浓度较高的问题,研究开发出了CT8-26加氢尾气深度脱硫溶剂,并在遂宁龙王庙天然气净化厂尾气处理装置上得到工业应用。应用结果表明,在天然气净化厂气质条件下,可使脱硫后加氢尾气中的H2S质量浓度20mg/m~3,能显著降低排放尾气中的SO_2质量浓度。     

Azeotrope formation in gasoline–ethanol blends. Part 1 – Impact of nonionic on E10 distillation curve

Blending 10?vol% of ethanol into hydrocarbon base gasoline (HBG) increases significantly the vapour pressure of the blend (E10), and exhibits near-azeotrope behaviour that severely affects the shape of E10 distillation curve. The distillation curves of HBG and E10 fuel blend, were constructed using ASTM D86 distillation data, and the areas under each distillation curve, were calculated through the numerical trapezoid rule (NTR) and calculus definite integration (CDI) methods. Consequently, the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF), was estimated. In this paper, we present the impact of small concentration of nonionic surfactant on the area under distillation curve (AUDC) of E10 fuel blend and the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF). Also, the influences of the added surfactant on the volatility criteria of the investigated E10 fuel blend were discussed.     

Optimization of vacuum resid solvent deasphalting to produce bright stock and hard asphalt

To prepare bright stock (BS) and 30# hard asphalt simultaneously, propane solvent deasphalting (SDA) of Oman vacuum residue was optimized. Result showed the optimal process conditions were as follows: extraction tower top temperature of 64°C, settling tower top temperature of 74°C, extraction pressure of 3.35 MPa, solvent ratio of 5. Compared with SDA of Oman VR to prepare bright stock and 70# asphalt, the yields of light deasphalted oil (LDAO) and heavy deasphalted oil (HDAO) were 26.8% and 24.7%, and increased by 1.7% and 5.2% respectively; carbon residue of LDAO was less than 1.2%, conformed to the feed requirement of furfural refining to produce bright stock. The yield of DOA was 48.5%, and DOA could be directly used to produce 30# hard asphalt. The PG grade of 30# asphalt was PG 76–22 and the 30# asphalt mixture had high rut dynamic stability and water resistant stability. HDAO could be used as feedstock of catalytic cracking and light yield oil (gasoline and diesel) was 65.99%.     

高效混合清蜡剂的研制和性能评价

针对我国油井结蜡严重的现象,以苯、互溶剂A、互溶剂B和协同剂为原料,制备了一种高效混合清蜡剂。确定了混合清蜡剂的最佳配方:苯加量(体积分数,下同)45%,协同剂加量45%,互溶剂A加量5%,互溶剂B加量5%。实验结果表明,协同剂与苯具有较好的协同性,互溶剂与清蜡剂间、互溶剂A与互溶剂B间均具有良好的协同性。在最佳配方条件下,清蜡速率达0.082g/(mL·min)。     

加氢基础油性能考察及其在内燃机油中的应用

介绍了加氢基础油与老三套基础油理化性能差别,考察了加氢基础油对抗氧剂、降凝剂的感受性及其破乳化性,同时,用加氢基础油调制SH、SJ/GF-2、CF-4等内燃机油,考察其性能,台架及行车试验表明,加氢基础油具有良好的氧化安定性和粘温性能,且蒸发损失低,能满足高档汽油机油的使用性能要求。