江河水沙变化与治理的新探索

随着人类活动的日益加剧和自然气候的变化,全球江河水沙过程发生了重大变异,对江河治理将产生深远的影响,一些河流的治理方略需随之做相应的调整。本文在分析全球主要江河水沙变化情势的基础上,针对我国江河治理新的探索和实践,提出了从局部治理走向全河治理、通过全河水沙调控协调水沙关系、江河治理与生态环境和经济社会发展紧密结合等江河治理的新理念,试图为新时期我国江河治理提供科技支撑。     

从三个维度认识与实践水生态文明建设

水生态文明内涵深刻,外延宽泛。从生态文明、可持续发展治水思路、民生水利三个维度切入,对水生态文明建设进行了多元分析和立体解读,提出水生态文明建设是全国生态文明建设的核心组成和极端重要的子系统,是可持续发展治水思路的继承创新,是民生水利理念的丰富发展,并在此框架下分别提出了建设水生态文明的措施建议。     

秦淮河水环境治理的成效与举措

在分析秦淮河水质状况的基础上,阐述了秦淮河水环境改善的重要意义及已有成效,提出了秦淮河水环境改善的整治方案,重点是实施科学换水,加强控源截污,加大打捞浮藻的力度,做好河道生态修复。     

汽车排气管烟尘磁化率对昆明地区公路边土壤磁化率污染关系的研究

利用环境磁学方法对汽车排气管烟尘6个样品磁化率研究发现,汽车排气管汽油烟尘低频磁化率值为302.9×10-8m3/kg,柴油烟尘低频磁化率值为42.6×10-8m3/kg,远低于昆明地区公路两侧污染土壤的磁化率值。烟尘与土壤混合样品及汽车车身尘土样品研究表明,汽车排气管烟尘及车身对昆明地区公路边土壤的磁化率值不存在直接贡献值,同时对土壤的污染没有直接相关关系。     

The Navy and the city: conflict,cooperation and political competition in the urban governance of Toulon

This article contributes to the debate about urban governance in specialized European cities, by focusing on the interplay between changes in national defence policies and local initiatives. It is based upon qualitative research carried out in Toulon, a mid-sized French city and the biggest military port on the Mediterranean Sea. Firstly, it explains how the emergence of a new urban agenda aimed at diversifying the city from its military function challenged existing relations between the city and the Navy. As a consequence, new areas of conflict and cooperation can be observed. Secondly, it shows how political strategies adopted by elected officials respond to the need to legitimize the new agenda and to constrain the Navy to participate in it, while managing the military constituency. Despite a political discourse that proclaimed convergence of interest between the city and the Navy, the existence of a major conflict concerning the use and control of space doomed the partnership to a (partial) failure.     

The political ontology of collaborative water governance

This article examines the various definitions of, and analytical approaches to, collaborative water governance (CWG). While the concept’s usage has increased over the past decade, there lacks any deep engagement with the concept of the political at the heart of CWG. This article argues that contemporary approaches to CWG risk emptying the concept of its utility and coherence. Correcting this deficiency requires a focus on the social and ideational constructions of water. This will strengthen future collaborative water arrangements and enable deeper appreciation of the ways the political makes and remakes what is possible in water governance.     

'Unfinished Business': Neoliberal Planning Reform in Australia

This paper reviews the recent and contemporary neoliberal reform agendas that have sought a reduced role for planning in Australia. Our aim is to describe these reform paths and to theorise their broader implications for urban governance in Australia. Our analysis focuses on two initiatives: first, the broad reform framework embodied in National Competition Policy that is now affecting planning regulation at the state level; and second, the new vision for a standardised development control system that has been put forward by the Property Council of Australia. As we will show, neoliberal reforms have the potential both to reduce the possibility for spatial regulation and also to undermine the other recent reform agendas that have sought a positive transformation of planning; namely, community democratic movements and environmentalism.     

Comfort in a brave new world

This commentary scrutinizes Building Research & Information's 2008 special issue titled ‘Comfort in a Lower Carbon Society’ from three vantage points. The first compares the special issue with another published on the same topic in 1982 in an attempt to see what differences a quarter of a century have brought to comfort-related research. The second seeks to identify what has been gained and lost as comfort research has moved away from the reductionist and positivistic certainties of 26 years ago towards the much more highly nuanced, historical, and social constructivist position reported in the 2008 special issue. And the third asks what would need to be done next to enable the more recent, adaptive, approach to modifying indoor climate to out-compete the engineering paradigm that has become so embedded and ingrained in professional practice over the past century. The commentary concludes with the challenge that unless this new, adaptive approach can rapidly become codified and enshrined in professional codes and standards – perhaps even in (inter)national regulations, it will not even be able to begin to operate as one of the building-related bulwarks against climate change.

Ce commentaire analyse sous trois angles différents le numéro spécial de Building Research & Information 2008 consacré au confort dans une société sobre en carbone. L'auteur commence par comparer ce numéro spécial à un autre numéro publié sur le même sujet en 1982 afin de voir comment ont évolué en un quart de siècle les recherches liées au confort. Il s'efforce ensuite d'identifier ce qui a été acquis et perdu alors que les recherches sur le confort sont passées des certitudes réductionnistes et positivistes d'il y a 26 ans à une position constructiviste beaucoup plus nuancée, historique, sociale telle qu'elle apparaît dans ce numéro spécial de 2008. Enfin, il pose la question sur ce qui devrait être fait maintenant pour valider l'approche adaptative plus récente qui vise à modifier le climat intérieur pour aller au-delà du paradigme technique qui s'est si profondément ancré dans les pratiques professionnelles au cours du siècle dernier. L'auteur conclut que les bâtiments ne pourront même pas servir de rempart contre le changement climatique à moins que cette nouvelle approche adaptative puisse être rapidement codifiée et consacrée dans des codes et des normes professionnelles, voire dans des réglementations internationales.

Mots clés: comportement adaptatif, agence, changement climatique, confort, consommation, gestion de la demande, gouvernance, société sobre en carbone, réglementation     

Neighborhood network governance, ethnic organization, and the prospects for political integration

How may ethnic organizations work as mechanisms for political integration in suburban multicultural contexts with participative and network modes of governance? The overall argument of the paper is that a shift from vertical to more horizontal modes of governance affects the prospects for ethnic associations to fulfil different democratic functions. It does so in a complex, multidimensional and somewhat contradictory way. Although network modes of governance are often argued for in terms of openness and inclusion, it should not be taken for granted that such governance structures do promote democratic functions of ethnic associations. Drawing on an in-depth case study of ethnic associations and network politics in Botkyrka, Sweden, the purpose of the article is to provide theoretically informed arguments on how the political integration potential of ethnic organization is affected when they participate in local network-like arrangements and institutions. In brief, the article outlines three arguments: (1) There are different mechanisms of ethnic organization that might contribute to a more politically integrated society. (2) More horizontal network modes of governance generate new conditions for these integrative mechanisms to emerge out of ethnic organization. (3) In such a context of network governance, the different integrative mechanisms of ethnic organizations are not always supplementary, but sometimes contradictory, causing genuine dilemmas to be dealt with by local actors.     

The Role of Participation Architecture in Growing Sponsored Open Source Communities

Most research on open source software communities has focused on those that are community founded. More recently, firms have founded their own open source communities. How do sponsored open source communities differ from their autonomous counterparts? With comparative examination of 12 open source projects initiated by corporate sponsors, we identify three design parameters that together help form a participation architecture—the opportunity structure extended to potential external contributors. In exploring sponsors' community design decisions, we found that sponsored open source projects were more likely to offer transparency than they were accessibility and that this had implications for their communities' growth. We contribute theoretical constructs that offer a common basis of comparison for the future study of open source projects and illustrate how the tension between control and growth affects open source community design and creation.