钢箱梁缩尺模型爆炸冲击波作用下破坏实验研究

为了解决桥梁在服役期间遭受偶然爆炸、恐怖袭击及武器打击等爆炸荷载作用后桥梁灾后评估的问题,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件,开展爆炸荷载作用下某实际单箱三室钢筋混凝土箱梁结构的损伤破坏与损伤评估研究,分析其在不同爆炸位置与炸药当量作用下的损伤破坏模式. 研究发现在100、200 kg炸药当量下,钢筋混凝土箱梁主要以局部破坏为主,单一的箱室破坏较大,箱梁整体破坏有限;在箱梁腹板上方及箱室内部爆炸会对箱梁造成严重破坏. 提出基于截面剩余惯性矩为评估准则的箱梁损伤评估方法,建议将爆炸荷载作用下箱梁结构的损伤破坏分为轻度毁坏、中度毁坏、重度毁坏和完全破坏4个等级,并对爆炸荷载作用下箱梁结构的损伤破坏进行评估.

     

The impacts of hydropower development on rural livelihood sustenance

The existing reservoirs on the River Tana (Kenya) were mainly constructed for hydropower generation, with inadequate consideration of the long-term impacts on downstream livelihoods. We investigated the impacts of the reservoirs on people's livelihoods downstream. The results showed a few positive impacts in the vicinity of the reservoirs and numerous negative impacts downstream (i.e. reduced flood-recess agriculture and floodplain pastoralism, and escalating resource-use conflicts). Inadequate stakeholders' consultation during reservoir development was also observed. We recommend a detailed basin-wide socioeconomic assessment for future reservoir developments and controlled flood release to simulate the natural flow regime, thereby restoring indigenous flood-based livelihoods while retaining sufficient reserves for power generation.     

滇东地区铂钯无模型定量成矿预测与评价

针对滇东地区,在分析、建立致矿地质异常概念模型的基础上,以东川—曲靖图幅为例,探讨了采用铂钯地球化学异常与各种成矿有利地质标志相结合的方法,计算成矿有利信息量和单元总信息量;建立无模型指导下的定量成矿预测和评价方法;圈定、评价了铂钯找矿可行地段5处,找矿有利地段3处,可供找矿验证。同时指出了该方法普遍适用于其它矿种的预测、评价及其诸多优点。     

基于SINTAP-FAD方法的含裂纹缺陷钢结构构件安全性评定研究

在施工和运营过程中,钢结构构件上出现的裂纹缺陷可能会扩展而导致其发生断裂破坏,因此对含裂纹缺陷钢结构构件的安全性进行评估具有重要意义。首先,引入断裂力学K_IC断裂判据和失效评定图（FAD）概念,并介绍了结构整体性评估程序（SINTAP）的原理;给出了裂纹缺陷评定所需材料参数的确定方法,以及含裂纹缺陷构件的断裂力学参数和塑性屈服荷载的计算方法;然后,提出了基于SINTAP-FAD的含裂纹缺陷钢结构构件的安全性评估流程。最后,以华南和华东两个电厂锅炉钢结构大板梁的焊接缺陷为例,进行了基于K_IC断裂判据和SINTAP-FAD的裂纹缺陷安全性评定研究。结果表明,基于SINTAP-FAD的方法为含裂纹缺陷工作的钢结构构件的安全性评估提供了一种行之有效的方法,考虑多裂纹耦合作用的安全性评定方法有待进一步研究。     

既有航道桥梁船舶撞击风险评估及抗撞性能分析

以上海市一座既有高航道桥船舶撞击风险及抗撞性能评估为例,建立既有航道桥梁船舶撞击风险评估和抗撞性能分析方法框架,包括船舶撞击风险隐患识别和综合评估研究。风险隐患识别研究包括桥梁航标校验、通航净空尺度复核以及新老抗撞性能标准的对比;综合评估研究包括通航水域通航安全风险分析和结构抗撞性能分析。研究为类似桥梁的评估分析提供参考。     

特殊教育学校设计研究

特殊教育区别于普通教育,是采用特殊的方式对一些特殊的儿童进行各方面的教育,而特殊教育学校就是根据这些教育的特点和需要而设计的场所环境。本文从特殊教育学校的规划与建筑设计原则入手,以两所特殊教育学校为例来阐述其规划与建筑设计方法。     

空间结构健康监测研究现状与展望

空间结构是大跨度、大空间和大面积建筑结构的主要形式,在国家基础设施与城市建设领域有广泛应用,其结构安全性至关重要。空间结构健康监测通过传感技术准确获取结构响应,实时反映结构的性能状态,为空间结构施工、运营与管理决策提供科学的依据与指导。经过多年的研究和工程实践,已经发展了适合大型空间结构的物联网无线传感监测技术,建立了多维数据分析理论,并在国家体育场、国家速滑馆、北京大兴国际机场航站楼等重大工程中实现规模化应用,取得了阶段性研究进展。通过对空间结构健康监测的研究及应用现状进行系统总结,疏理空间结构健康监测的特点,围绕荷载与响应多维传感及大面域传输网络综述了其传感监测技术的研究现状,归纳了结构荷载分析、响应分析以及结构状态评估的监测数据分析理论。同时,基于融合大数据、云计算以及人工智能展望其未来研究方向,旨在进一步推动空间结构健康监测的创新与发展。     

Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete building: A case study

Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built environment. Although numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature, no research has focused on the structural application of this type of concrete. In particular, the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete, which is required for various structural applications, such as limit state design formulation, reliability-based structural analysis, etc., has so far not attracted the attention of researchers. This paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-, flexural- and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine aggregate. Best-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory experiments. In addition, the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building, considering the proposed distribution model. The results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.     

Assessment of wastewater pollution in pig leather industry in China

Pig leather industry contributed significantly to the life of people all over the world, but serious water environmental problems have arisen. Investigation in tanneries with green pig hides in China showed that pollution resulted mainly from beamhouse operations. Assessment indicated that wastewater from pig‐hides processing had: (1) wide variations of pH, (2) high levels of sulfide (S^2?) and chromium, (3) high levels of neutral salts and ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄⁺‐N), (4) high levels of suspended solids (TSS) and oil & grease, and (5) low biodegradability. A tannery processing 10 000 pig hides per day generated chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3.81–12.31 tonnes and NH ₄⁺‐N 0.27–1.06 tonnes, respectively. The pollution loads were equivalent to those of a city of 60 000–120 000 inhabitants, which has a COD of 3.9–10.56 tonnes/day and NH ₄⁺‐N of 0.462–1.164 tonnes/day, respectively (SEPAC). And nearly 30% of the tanneries discharged their wastewater by screening only or by primary treatment like coagulation–sedimentation, while the rest of them discharged directly into surface waters without any treatment.     

供水管网状态估计研究进展

系统地总结了供水管网状态估计的研究内容，包括参数估计、校核评估、数据（样本）设计。20年来国内外学者根据优化和统计分析理论并结合现场试验，提出了系统的理论分析和数值方法，近年来管网不确定分析理论被引入到管网校核评估和管网率定的样本数据设计中。此外还介绍了国外供水管网状态估计的精度标准。指出虽然相关理论研究有了较大进展，但应用研究相当薄弱，大型管网模型成功率定的实例还鲜有报道，今后应加强实用研究。