可食性昆虫的营养价值和食用安全性研究进展

昆虫是地球上种类丰富、数量繁多的自然资源。可食性昆虫在中国具有悠久的历史,已日渐成为人类重要的食品资源之一。通过查阅文献统计,我国可食性昆虫有324种,共分为11个目,其中鳞翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目包含可食性昆虫种类居多。可食性昆虫不仅可以补充必需营养素,还能够补充微量元素。因此,营养丰富的可食性昆虫资源不仅可以扩大人类对食物的选择范围,还可以作为一种替代食物来源。本文从可食性昆虫蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、矿物质等方面介绍其营养价值,从食品安全、营养价值以及潜在的环境影响等方面总结了近年来可食性昆虫的安全性评价进展,探讨可食性昆虫作为新型食品的开发前景及挑战,提出了可食性昆虫食品目前所存在的问题,为可食性昆虫的后续研究及开发提供参考。     

SOD对肿瘤细胞凋亡影响和抗氧化损伤的研究:Ⅳ.SOD对荷瘤小鼠正常组织氧化损伤的保护效应

探讨超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对电离辐射和肿瘤化疗药物对荷瘤机体正常组织损伤的保护效应及机制,测定荷瘤鼠肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏、肺、脑和骨髓组织的活性氧(ROS)、氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)水平和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并观察SOD对荷瘤小鼠肝脏超微结构的影响。结果表明,荷瘤小鼠受照射和化疗药物后其骨髓、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、组织匀浆中ROS、MDA含量明显升高,而GSH-Px和CAT活性明显降低,其机制是电离辐射和化疗药物造成抗氧化酶的损伤及机体内ROS含量上升。加入SOD与对照组相比,显著降低荷瘤小鼠骨髓、肝脏、脾脏组织匀浆中ROS、MDA含量,略微升高GSH-Px和CAT活性,而对肾脏组织匀浆中ROS、MDA含量和GSH-Px和CAT活性无明显影响,同时SOD可明显减轻电离辐射对荷瘤小鼠肝细胞超微结构破坏,SOD通过直接清除自由基和保护抗氧化酶的损伤起辐射保护作用。     

基于多样性反馈的粒子群聚类算法

传统粒子群聚类算法容易陷入局部最优,聚类的准确度不高。针对这些问题,提出一种改进的离子群聚类算法,该算法基于一种新的惯性权重函数并引入基于多样性反馈的beta分布变异来保证种群的多样性。对Iris数据的测试结果表明,在相同的条件下,改进的粒子群聚类算法在聚类的准确度方面优于传统的粒子群聚类算法。     

Toxicological effects and risk assessment of lanthanum ions on leaves of Vicia faba L.seedlings

Vicia faba L.seedlings were hydroponically cultivated in 0-12 mg/L of extraneous lanthanum(La) for 15 d to investigate ecotoxicological effects and risk assessment of rare earth elements(REEs).The results showed that reactive oxygen species(ROS) production suchas superoxide radical(O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) were overproduced at higher concentrations of La,resulting in oxidatively modified proteins and shoot growth retardation.While,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) and guaiacolperoxidase(GPX) isoenzymes were elevated to some extent to eliminate excess of ROS.HSP70 production and endopeptidase isoenzymeswere also enhanced,which were involved in repairing or degradation of the oxidatively modified proteins due to La.Thus,the antioxidantisoenzymes,endoprotease isoenzymes and HSP70 worked cooperatively to alleviate the La-induced oxidative damage.The significant enhancement of CAT and APX isoenzymes and HSP70 could also be used as early bioindicators of La-polluted solution.The threshold doserange was firstly delimited as 1-2 mg/L of extraneous La,corresponding to 7.34-9.37 μg/g dry weight in the leaves.These results would behelpful to further understand the toxicological effects and possible mechanisms of REE(s) on crop seedlings.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction between OH radicals in plasma with poly-β-1–6-N-acetylglucosamine

Cold atmospheric plasma shows a satisfactory ability to inactivate bacterial biofilms that are difficult to remove using conventional methods in some cases. However, the researches on the inactivation mechanism are not quite sufficient. Poly-β-1–6-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), which is one of the important components in some biofilms, was used as the research subject, and the related mechanism of action triggered by different concentrations of the OH in plasma was studied using reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that OH radicals could not only trigger the hydrogen abstraction reaction leading to cleavage of the PNAG molecular structure, but undergo an OH addition reaction with PNAG molecules. New reaction pathways appeared in the simulations as the OH concentration increased, but the reaction efficiency first increased and then decreased. The simulation study in this paper could, to some extent, help elucidate the microscopic mechanism of the interaction between OH radicals in plasma and bacterial biofilms at the atomic level.     

一种基于种族分类进化的QoS异构组播路由机制

随着新型网络应用的大量涌现,传统的网络技术已无法满足当前应用在带宽、延迟及出错率等方面的需求,IP over DWDM光互联网以其独特性能优势成为研究热点。基于种族分类进化算法,提出了一种IP over DWDM光互联网服务质量QoS异构组播路由机制。具体地,利用概率论方法处理网络状态参数信息的不确定性;引入模糊数学方法,确定用户对QoS的需求并提供柔性QoS支持;综合考虑网络提供方和用户方的利益,设计公平的带宽定价方法。仿真结果表明,该路由机制获得了良好的综合性能指标,可以有效地解决IP over DWDM光互联网中的柔性QoS异构组播路由选择问题。     

Burst pulses for positive corona discharges in atmospheric air: the collective movement of charged species

Positive corona burst pulses are an unstable pulse mode. They appear in a small range of the onset stage, and their current pulses result from the collective movement of charged species. This paper focused on the connections between these pulses and the collective movement of charged species. The movement of species is divided into four parts with respect to time: the(1) initial growth of species,(2) formation and development of the streamer region and negative ion sheath,(3) dead time(the time interval between the pulses), and(4) rapid re-growth of species.The movement of the species in the four parts and the correspondence with the current pulse were analyzed. The numerical results indicated the following: the rapid rising of the species matched the rising edge of the pulses, the streamer region, and negative ion sheath appeared in the falling edge of the primary pulse, and the rapid re-growth of species matched the re-ignition of the pulses. The results were in qualitative agreement with deductions and experimental observations in the literature.     

基于层次隐马尔可夫模型和神经网络的个性化推荐算法

传统推荐系统将推荐准确性作为主要目标,而推荐结果的多样性和个性化有所欠缺.对此,设计一种基于层次隐马尔可夫模型和神经网络的推荐算法.采用层次隐马尔可夫模型建模用户喜好和上下文环境的关系,并通过隐马尔可夫模型预测上下文.设计神经网络结构来解决协同过滤推荐的问题,同时神经网络满足贝叶斯个性化排序的条件,实现对推荐列表的个性...     

基于AOI方法的未知蠕虫特征自动发现算法研究

近年来频繁爆发的大规模网络蠕虫对Internet的整体安全构成了巨大的威胁,新的变种仍在不断出现。由于无法事先得到未知蠕虫的特征,传统的基于特征的入侵检测机制已经失效。目前蠕虫监测的一般做法是在侦测到网络异常后由人工捕获并进行特征的分析,再将特征加入高速检测引擎进行监测。本文提出了一种新的基于面向属性归纳（AOI）方法的未知蠕虫特征自动提取方法。该算法在可疑蠕虫源定位的基础上进行频繁特征的自动提取,能够在爆发的早期检测到蠕虫的特征,进而通过控制台特征关联监测未知蠕虫的发展趋势。实验证明该方法是可行而且有效的。     

几种江蓠属海藻的ISSR标记分析

用ISSR标记对几种江蓠属海藻进行了遗传多样性的研究。所用的7种实验材料包括4株龙须菜(其中3株分别来自中国青岛、委内瑞拉和南非，及1株青岛产龙须菜的高温选育种)和细基江蓠繁枝变型、真江蓠、芋根江蓠。用9条ISSR引物进行筛选，有6条可扩增出清晰可辨条带。这6条引物在7种材料中共扩增出151条带，其中117条(77．48％)表现出多态性。根据Nei等的遗传相似性系数(S)对7种材料进行分析，结果显示青岛产龙须菜与其选育种的相似性最高(S为0．939)。在3株不同产地龙须菜中，青岛龙须菜与南非龙须菜的遗传距离最近(S为0．643)，委内瑞拉龙须菜与前两者的S分别为0．167和0．192，因此初步推断委内瑞拉龙须菜不属于龙须菜种。包括龙须菜(产自青岛或南非)在内的4种江蓠间的相似性系数在0～0．143之间。