球形装药水下爆炸近场测量的连续探针法研究

为了在水下爆炸的单次试验中连续获得炸药爆轰波和近场冲击波的时程曲线,研制了一种压导式连续电阻丝探针,并基于此设计了球形装药水下爆炸测试系统。采用粉状黑索今（RDX）炸药进行120 mm直径的球形装药水下爆炸试验,测量获得了多组爆轰波-冲击波时程曲线。通过对爆轰波段数据进行拟合得到了待测RDX炸药的爆速,利用冲击波段数据计算得到了炸药爆压、绝热指数以及水中冲击波的衰减规律,并与康姆莱特半经验公式和数值模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明：运用新型电阻丝探针测得的RDX炸药参数与理论值相比,爆速、爆压和绝热指数的相对误差分别小于3%、5%和2%;模拟得到的近场冲击波峰压和速度曲线与试验结果基本吻合,最大误差不超过10%.     

一种仿人肩关节的运动学和工作空间分析

针对人体肩关节的结构特点,提出了一种以球面5R并联机构为原型的仿人肩关节。通过Paden-Kahan子问题思路,推导出了该并联机构的位置反解。基于螺旋理论和指数积公式,并结合直接法和虚拟机构法,给出了少自由度非对称型并联机构的运动学分析方法,得到了该并联机构的速度雅可比矩阵。应用多参数的迭代抽样优化方法,分析了工作空间评价指标与结构参数之间的关系,同时考虑加工装配工艺,最终选取了一组较合理的结构参数。研究结果表明：所提仿人肩关节结构紧凑、工作空间大,且符合人体肩关节活动特点。     

单模石英光纤和塑料光纤自动耦合系统

作为短距离通信网络的理想传输介质,塑料光纤(POF)具有广阔的应用前景.然而单模塑料光纤和其他光纤之间连接的连接器目前还没有产品.研制了一种可实现单模塑料光纤和单模石英光纤之间的自动连接(耦合)系统.该系统通过上位机控制部分对于光功率计和采集图像的反馈数据进行分析处理,进而驱动高精度位移步进电机,使两光纤达到精确耦合,从而为单模塑料光纤和塑料光纤光栅的进一步研究打下了坚实的基础.     

基于球坐标的非线性小波变换图像压缩编码算法

利用小波变换的3个高频分量之间相关特性,提出了基于球坐标变换的非线性小波变换图像压缩编码的方法,在小波收缩中,采用双曲线收缩处理球坐标下的径向分量以提高重建图像的质量,实验结果表明,此算法在压缩比和重建质量方面都取得较好的效果。     

太阳辐射对地球同步卫星扫描成像辐射计性能的影响

本文对FY-4气象卫星扫描成像辐射计的各项设计背景做了介绍,主要从热学、光学、球面天文学方面介绍针对“太阳侵入”问题的研究思想和相关知识。根据儒略日天文计算体系得出初步坐标转换公式,并为今后的研究工作做准备。     

Fast Li+ Transport via Silica Network-Driven Nanochannels in Ionomer-in-Framework for Lithium Metal Batteries

For the development of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs), a high-porous silica aerogel (SA)-reinforced single-Li⁺ conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NPE) is prepared via two-step selective functionalization. The mesoporous SA is introduced as a mechanical framework for NPE as well as a channel for fast lithium cation migration. Two types of monomers containing weak-binding imide anions and Li⁺ cations are synthesized and used to prepare NPEs, where these monomers are grafted in SA to produce SA-based NPEs (SANPEs) as ionomer-in-framework. This hybrid SANPE exhibits high ionic conductivities (≈10⁻³ S cm⁻¹), high modulus (≈10⁵ Pa), high lithium transference number (0.84), and wide electrochemical window (>4.8 V). The resultant SANPE in the lithium symmetric cell possesses long-term cyclic stability without short-circuiting over 800 h under 0.2 mA cm⁻². Furthermore, the LiFePO₄|SANPE|Li solid-state batteries present a high discharge capacity of 167 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, good rate capability up to 1 C, wide operating temperatures (from −10 to 40 °C), and a stable cycling performance with 97% capacity retention and 100% coulombic efficiency after 75 cycles at 1 C and 25 °C. The SANPE demonstrates a new design principle for solid-state electrolytes, allowing for a perfect complex between inorganic silica and organic polymer, for high-energy-density LMBs.     

In situ Characterization of SiO2 Nanoparticle Biointeractions Using BrightSilica

By adding a gold core to silica nanoparticles (BrightSilica), silica‐like nanoparticles are generated that, unlike unmodified silica nanoparticles, provide three types of complementary information to investigate the silica nano‐biointeraction inside eukaryotic cells in situ. Firstly, organic molecules in proximity of and penetrating into the silica shell in live cells are monitored by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The SERS data show interaction of the hybrid silica particles with tyrosine, cysteine and phenylalanine side chains of adsorbed proteins. Composition of the biomolecular corona of BrightSilica nanoparticles differs in fibroblast and macrophage cells. Secondly, quantification of the BrightSilica nanoparticles using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) micromapping indicates a different interaction of silica nanoparticles compared to gold nanoparticles under the same experimental conditions. Thirdly, the metal cores allow the investigation of particle distribution and interaction in the cellular ultrastructure by cryo nanoscale X‐ray tomography (cryo‐XT). In 3D reconstructions the assumption is confirmed that BrightSilica nanoparticles enter cells by an endocytotic mechanism. The high SERS intensities are explained by the beneficial plasmonic properties due to agglomeration of BrightSilica. The results have implications for the development of multi‐modal qualitative and quantitative characterization in comparative nanotoxicology and bionanotechnology.     

Adaptive Beamforming and DOA Estimation Using Uniform Concentric Spherical Arrays with Frequency Invariant Characteristics

This paper proposes a new digital beamformer for uniform concentric spherical array (UCSA) having nearly frequency invariant (FI) characteristics. The basic principle is to transform the received signals to the phase mode and remove the frequency dependency of the individual phase mode through the use of a digital beamforming network. It is shown that the far field pattern of the array is determined by a set of weights and it is approximately invariant over a wide range of frequencies. FI UCSAs are electronic steerable in both the azimuth and elevation angles, unlike their concentric circular array counterpart. The frequency invariant characteristic of the FI UCSA also makes it possible to design separately the compensation network and beamformer weighting coefficients. The design of the compensation network is formulated as a second order cone programming (SOCP) problem and is solved optimally for minimax criterion. Thanks to the frequency invariant characteristic, traditional narrow band adaptive beamforming algorithms such as minimum variance beamforming (MVB) can be applied to the FI UCSA. Also, traditional narrow band 2-D direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms such as unitary ESPRIT can be extended to broadband DOA estimation using FI UCSA. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive beamformer using FI UCSA can obtain a higher output signal to inference plus noise ratio over the conventional tapped-delay line approach. Simulation results also show that FI UCSA has uniform beampattern and resolution around 360° in both azimuth and elevation angles, unlike FI uniform concentric circular array. The usefulness of the proposed UCSA-FIB in broadband 2-D DOA estimation is also verified by computer simulation.

大视场双目主动视觉传感器的协同跟踪方法

针对大视场视觉监控的应用,提出了一种基于球面坐标的双目主动视觉传感器协同跟踪方法。首先采用图像特征匹配的方法估计摄像机的内部参数,然后引入球面经纬坐标系作为双目视觉传感器的公共坐标系,最后结合场景深度范围实现目标的协同跟踪。对于任意安装的双目视觉传感器,提出了一种建立球面公共坐标系的新方法,统一了不同参数下的情形,可以实现任意参数下的协同跟踪。实际监控场景下的视频实验,验证了方法的有效性和可行性。     

“Ship‐in‐a‐Bottle” Growth of Noble Metal Nanostructures

Noble metal nanostructures are grown inside hollow mesoporous silica microspheres using “ship‐in‐a‐bottle” growth. Small Au seeds are first introduced into the interior of the hollow microspheres. Au nanorods with synthetically tunable longitudinal plasmon wavelengths and Au nanospheres are obtained through seed‐mediated growth within the microspheres. The encapsulated Au nanocrystals are further coated with Pd or Pt shells. The microsphere‐encapsulated bimetallic core/shell nanostructures can function as catalysts. They exhibit high catalytic performance and their stability is superior to that of the corresponding unencapsulated core/shell nanostructures in the catalytic oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine with hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, these hollow microsphere‐encapsulated metal nanostructures are promising as recoverable and efficient catalysts for various liquid‐phase catalytic reactions.