小麦不同程度萌发后其加工品质的变化

为了解小麦萌动和发芽程度对其加工品质的影响,以经80℃高温快速干燥和自然晾晒干燥处理的不同程度萌动(鼓泡、皮裂、露白)和发芽(芽长为小麦籽粒长度的一半、芽长与小麦籽粒长度相同)小麦为研究对象,测定其出粉率、沉降值及粉质特性指标。结果表明:随着小麦萌动和发芽程度的加深,小麦的出粉率,面团吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间及粉质指数均呈现下降趋势,面团弱化度则逐渐上升,而沉降值变化并无规律。高温快速干燥能抑制小麦吸水率的下降,延长面团的形成时间和稳定时间,由此可见,干燥可抑制萌动、发芽的小麦加工品质劣化,因此一旦发现小麦萌动应立即进行干燥。差异性分析可知,小麦在萌动和发芽过程中大部分加工品质指标均从皮裂期开始出现显著性差异,建议将处于皮裂期至芽长不超过籽粒长度作为判定生芽粒的标准。     

低熟煤中孢粉与可溶有机质的关系

根据孢粉分析和可溶有机质抽提后得到的数据,采用数理统计的方法分析了煤中的孢粉体与可溶有机质关系.结果表明：蕨类孢子含量与氯仿沥青“A”和非烃正相关,与饱和烃、芳烃则显著负相关,而裸子植物花粉则反之.这种情况说明尽管所有生物先质都有生烃作用,但对可溶烃贡献差别较大.而蕨类孢子和裸子植物花粉相比,可能对低熟-未熟油,特别是含非烃较高的低熟油有某种更为密切的联系.后者则可能与成熟-高成熟煤中才能释放出来的烃类物质更为密切.     

平行气流真菌孢子释放强度测定装置的开发

建筑材料表面真菌孢子的释放和气溶胶的形成,是研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人体危害的关键因素.针对平行气流激发真菌孢子气溶胶化过程这一实际中更普遍的情况,开发平行气流真菌孢子释放强度测定装置(PAFST),给出装置设计时遵循的原则:超净气流、流量平衡、压力平衡和仪器匹配原则;测量室内和空调系统中5种典型风速下,柑桔青霉(pencillium citrinum)的释放强度,其表现出很好的规律性:风速为0.3m/s时,孢子释放强度为1个/cm2,风速为9.4m/s时,为1407个/cm2.结果表明,开发的PAFST装置可以有效地测定真菌孢子在平行气流作用下的释放强度,可用于在平行气流作用情况下真菌孢子释放强度的研究.     

不同储藏条件对油菜籽生理活性的影响研究

以甘蓝型油菜籽为材料,研究了含水量(6.8％、8.3％、9.8％)、储藏温度(20℃、25℃、30 ℃、35℃)、储藏方式(充氮气调、常规密闭)等不同条件下油菜籽电导率、发芽率、发芽势等生理指标的变化,结果表明:在120 d期间,油菜籽电导率呈升高趋势,发芽率、发芽势呈降低趋势,其升高或降低幅度与储藏条件有关.在20℃、充氮条件下,含水量6.8％的油菜籽电导率数值低、升幅小,其发芽率高、降幅小.低水分、准低温(20℃)加充氮气调更能保持油菜籽的生理活性.     

不同储藏条件对油葵籽生理品质的影响研究

测定不同储藏条件下油葵籽生理指标的变化情况.结果表明:随着储藏时间的延长,油葵籽色泽、气味逐渐出现异常,生活力、发芽率和过氧化氢酶活度均呈逐渐下降的趋势,且温度和水分越高,下降趋势越明显.因此,低温、低水分是油葵籽安全储藏的主要条件.     

Influence de la réfrigération et de la congélation sur la qualité et l'aptitude à la germination des graines

The high dehydration level of seeds provides them with an exceptional survival period, nevertheless seeds are living organs which can die. Refrigeration can prevent the germination of seeds which are destined for human or animal consumption or, on the contrary, produce germination in a required time. The article first describes some of the biological particularities of seeds which can be considered as survival or reproductive organs. As a survival organ, refrigeration can be used to preserve seeds to: Prevent germination: the storage of seeds of tropical and sub-tropical origin at +5°C: the maintenance of a cold and dry atmosphere for the bulk storage of seeds in silos. Prevent parasitic attack: a low temperature and low relative humidity to protect against bacterial or fungal growth: it is more difficult to combat insect invation. Protect product viability: the drier the seed and the lower the temperature, the longer the seed life. Refrigeration can also be used to facilitate germination by eliminating dormancy. It is already well known that humid cold promotes germination by eliminating embryonic dormancy (in general, from one to a few months at a temperature of about +5°C). Furthermore, good germination of ‘hard seeds’ (with teguments impermeable to water) can be obtained by immersing them in liquid nitrogen and repeating the operation if necessary.

Résumé

Les graines sont des organes très particuliers en ce sens qu'elles prérentent le plus souvent un état de déshydration très poussé. Les problèmes de stockage qui en résultent sont de ce fait très différents de ceux que l'on recontre généralement avec les autres produits végétaux. Les basses températures empêchent leur germination pendant la conservation, limitent les altérations dues aux parasites et prolongent leur durée de vie. La réfrigération et la congélation des graines ont permis la mise au point d'applications originales. Quelques graines ne peuvent germer qu'après un séjour au froid en milieu humide. Des graines imperméables à l'eau deviennent capables de germer facilement aprés traitement à très basse température (azote liquide).     

Influence de la réfrigération et de la congélation sur la qualité et l'aptitude à la germination des grainesInfluence of chilling and freezing on seed quality and germination ability

The high dehydration level of seeds provides them with an exceptional survival period, nevertheless seeds are living organs which can die. Refrigeration can prevent the germination of seeds which are destined for human or animal consumption or, on the contrary, produce germination in a required time. The article first describes some of the biological particularities of seeds which can be considered as survival or reproductive organs. As a survival organ, refrigeration can be used to preserve seeds to: Prevent germination: the storage of seeds of tropical and sub-tropical origin at +5°C: the maintenance of a cold and dry atmosphere for the bulk storage of seeds in silos. Prevent parasitic attack: a low temperature and low relative humidity to protect against bacterial or fungal growth: it is more difficult to combat insect invation. Protect product viability: the drier the seed and the lower the temperature, the longer the seed life. Refrigeration can also be used to facilitate germination by eliminating dormancy. It is already well known that humid cold promotes germination by eliminating embryonic dormancy (in general, from one to a few months at a temperature of about +5°C). Furthermore, good germination of ‘hard seeds’ (with teguments impermeable to water) can be obtained by immersing them in liquid nitrogen and repeating the operation if necessary.

Résumé

Les graines sont des organes très particuliers en ce sens qu'elles prérentent le plus souvent un état de déshydration très poussé. Les problèmes de stockage qui en résultent sont de ce fait très différents de ceux que l'on recontre généralement avec les autres produits végétaux. Les basses températures empêchent leur germination pendant la conservation, limitent les altérations dues aux parasites et prolongent leur durée de vie. La réfrigération et la congélation des graines ont permis la mise au point d'applications originales. Quelques graines ne peuvent germer qu'après un séjour au froid en milieu humide. Des graines imperméables à l'eau deviennent capables de germer facilement aprés traitement à très basse température (azote liquide).     

酿造工业中黑曲霉孢子检测方法的改良

根据黑曲霉孢子菌的特征，对其检测技术进行探讨，筛选出检测无菌液，找出适于此类菌系检测方法关键技术。研究结果表明，以0．15％琼脂无菌液代替无菌水对样品进行稀释，每个稀释液制成后，用磁力搅拌器搅拌，可使样品达到均匀分散，不再产生上浮，聚集的不均匀现象，再经接种，培养，即可获得准确结果，从根本上解决了用烯释平板法检测孢子菌类数值重视性差，难以确定真值的问题。     

Factors Influencing Recovery of Heat-injured Bacillus thuringiensis Spores. Statistical Approach

The influence of several factors on recovery of heat-treated Bacillus thuringiensis spores was examined including treatment conditions (time/temperature), dilution buffer (phosphate buffer, peptone water at 15 mg/L), recovery temperature and enumeration medium constituents (lysozyme, catalase, lactic acid hemicalcium salt, glucose, MgSO₄, sodium chloride). A fractional factorial design was used to determine the incidence and interactions of these factors. Specific significant factors (treatment conditions, dilution buffer, recovery temperature, glucose and NaCl addition) were derived from this analysis and then tested in a general linear regression model which assessed their influences. The maximal count was obtained when spores diluted in peptone buffer were incubated at 25°C in nutrient agar containing NaCl and glucose.