关于CJJ/T135-2009标准中胶凝材料用量确定方法的对比讨论

文章讨论了《透水水泥混凝土路面技术规程》(CJJ/T135-2009)标准中配合比设计部分关于胶凝材料用量确定方法与其他两种胶凝材料用量确定方法的准确性、便捷性、应变性和可操作性.通过对实验结果的分析发现,CJJ/T135-2009中的胶凝材料用量确定方法误将水胶比理解成每立方米混凝土用水量与所有胶凝材料用量的体积之比,从而导致计算结果偏差.而采用实际测定浆体密度再确定胶凝材料用量的方法更符合工程应用的实际情况,且可操作性更强.     

泽雅水库导流洞混凝土堵头爆破拆除设计及振动影响

邻近建构筑物爆破中振动控制对爆破设计有较高要求。以泽雅水库导流洞改建泄洪放空洞工程为例,研究了面板堆石坝坝肩正下方的导流洞混凝土堵头爆破拆除方案及振动影响。基于短进尺、多循环的爆破设计理念,提出了断面分上下两部分分部开挖的爆破拆除方案及最大孔深为1.0 m的初步钻爆参数,并通过现场爆破试验确定了最大孔深可加大到1.5 m的钻爆设计参数。爆破施工过程中的爆破振动跟踪监测结果表明,混凝土堵头爆破拆除未影响水库大坝及其他建构筑物的安全。     

蒸养温度效应及其对水泥基材料热伤损的影响＊

采用温度传感器测试了水泥基材料在标养和蒸养条件下温度的变化,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)及压汞(MIP)等方法,研究了水化产物和微结构的变化。结果表明,蒸养中试件表层首先开始升温,升温结束时表层温度比内部高约30℃;随后内部升温超过表层,恒温3h,内部温度比表层高约25℃。蒸养温度效应对水化产物的生成未产生较显著的影响,但对表层孔结构和微观形貌影响显著。蒸养结束时,试件表层的总孔隙率以及大于200nm的有害孔比例分别是内部的1.22倍和10.3倍;继续标养至28d时有效降低了总孔隙率,但大于200nm的有害孔比例仍为标养试件的1.6倍。     

Evaluation of rutting potential for asphalt concrete mixes containing copper slag

Copper slag (CS) is a by-product of the copper extraction process, which can be used as coarse and/or fine aggregate in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. This study used CS as a replacement of the fine aggregate with a percentage of up to 40% by total aggregate weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of CS on the rutting potential of the asphalt concrete mix using two methods. One method is based on the Dynamic modulus |E*| testing result. Actual pavement temperature data from a test section were used with the developed |E*| master curves. EverStressFE finite element program was used to perform a linear elastic load-deformation analysis for a pavement section and to determine the vertical resilient strain in a 40-mm HMA surface layer. The M-E PDG permanent deformation model was used with and Excel Visual Basic for Applications code to predict the accumulated rutting for different CS mixes for 10 million ESALs. The other method used the data from the flow number (FN) test. Based on the |E*| approach, the results indicated that adding 5% CS in the mix increased the predicted rutting from 0.59 to 0.98 mm at 10 million ESALs (increase by 68%). When 40% CS was used, rutting increased by more than 700% compared with the control mix. After analysing the FN results with the Francken model, the results indicated a decrease in FN as CS content is increased, indicating higher rutting potential. The decrease in FN ranged from 9% for 5% CS to 95% for 40% CS. The mixes containing up to 10% CS satisfied the minimum FN criteria for rutting. A calibration process for the M-E PDG distress prediction models that allows the use of waste and by-product materials such as CS should be considered in the future.     

基于MFC和OpenGL的喷砼机器人三维仿真平台的设计

以PJR-2X喷砼机器人为例,介绍了一种基于VC++的MFC和OpenGL的人机交互式三维仿真平台的设计方法。该方法采用Solidworks软件对该机器人建模,并将三维模型保存为.STL文件,然后导入3DSMax中确立纹理坐标,输出的3DS文件再导入Deep Exploration中进行三维模型材质、纹理的二次处理,最后通过MFC导入到以OpenGL为标准建立的工作场景中进行场景渲染,从而得到逼真的机器人三维虚拟仿真平台。实际应用表明,该仿真平台能精确表达机器人的正逆运动特性,并能示教演示。     

基于MEMS加速度计的混凝土内部缺陷检测系统

针对冲击回波法进行混凝土内部缺陷检测时,传统的单点有线检测方式存在精度低、检测复杂的问题,提出了一种基于MEMS三轴加速度计的快速检测算法,同时搭建了相应的硬件系统.该系统节点采用MEMS加速度计作为拾振器,利用FPGA作为无线传感器网络节点的控制核心,通过2.4 GHz ISM频段与上位机进行无线通信.经实验测试,系...     

冲击作用下碳纤维混凝土的力敏性试验研究

碳纤维混凝土(CFC)具有良好的力敏特性,能制成传感器用于混凝土结构的状态监测.利用钢球自由落体撞击圆柱形试样,进行了老化前后和不同撞击高度的试验,并分析了各因素对试样力敏性的影响.试验结果表明:试样的电阻变化对冲击作用响应快;老化前的试样在承载较小时,试样处于弹性区,电阻随压力增大而减小,承载较大时,试样进入弹塑性区,电阻随压力增大而增大;老化后的试样,承载即进入弹塑性区.     

Combinatorial scheme for management of life cycle: Example for concrete macrotechnology

The paper describes a combinatorial scheme for the analysis and synthesis of product life cycle on the basis of a typical compressed structure: design of materials and manufacturing process. In addition, the following problems are studied: system refinement, series-parallel production process, and multistage design (design of product trajectories). Hierarchical combinatorial morphological approach is proposed. The solving process is based on ordinal expert knowledge. The following phases are examined: design of a basic system morphology, generation of local design alternatives, knowledge acquisition as ordinal estimates for local design alternatives and their compatibility, and synthesis of the best compositions.A realistic numerical example for concrete-macrotechnology (composing of concrete from constituents and selection of manufacturing alternatives) illustrates the approach.     

降维网络及其在混凝土配合比优化设计中的应用

提出在BP网络的输入层与隐层或径基函数网络的输入层与隐层之间增加一个只有2个结点的线性函数层（Z层）,以构成基于BP网和基于径基函数网的降维映射网络,这两种网络均将多维输出Y（可为一维）与多维输入X之间的非线性映射关系转变成与二 维向量Z之间的非线性映射关系,网络学习后,就可以在由Z构成的二维映射平面上描绘出输出向量的等值线,通过这些等值线可全景式地,准确可靠地出样本数据集的最估操作区域,实现混凝土配合比优化设计。     

移动台车栏板辅助浇筑系统的设计与应用

蒲石河工程下水库大坝顶部混凝土护栏位于坝顶临空边沿,钢筋绑扎和模板支立作业难度大,施工时存在安全隐患。为此,蒲石河工程设计了移动台车栏板辅助浇筑系统并成功应用。实践表明,作业台车设计可靠、安全稳定、操作简便、定位准确、移动方便,保障了施工人员人身安全,节约了成本,加快了工期,提高了模板支立质量,值得类似工程借鉴并推广使用。