白涧铁矿南区复杂地层钻探施工技术

邢台白涧铁矿南区地层岩石破碎、部分地层含角砾、胶结性差、漏失严重,钻探施工中存在掉块卡钻、缩径、坍塌、埋钻及孔内泥浆全部漏失等难题。通过优化钻孔结构、使用新工艺、新方法,合理选择钻进参数,采用绳索取心钻进配合预留技术套管,有效解决了上部煤系地层的坍塌问题;采用反丝套管的方法,极大地减轻了由于地层缩径、掉块引起的套管下不到位、起拔困难等风险;常规型绳索取心钻杆替代套管方法的采用,提高了含角砾、松散地层的穿过速度,减少了钻探工作量的报废,加快了施工进度;特别是高胎体双水口钻头的使用,提高了钻进效率,节约了钻探施工成本,项目得以如期完成。     

气液双介质喷嘴雾化特性的影响因素研究

目的 气液双介质喷嘴的应用是烟叶加料工艺的关键因素之一,通过采用现有的模拟手段实现加料过程的高精化,为优化实验奠定基础。方法 文中以外混式双介质喷嘴为研究对象,通过构建基于DPM的数值模型,研究不同蒸汽入口压力与针阀位置对喷嘴雾化的气动性能与粒径特性的影响规律。结果 研究表明,喷嘴出口通流面积越大,气流高速区离喷嘴越近,但蒸汽与料液的速度最大值并未有较大变化,此时液滴喷射距离由远变近,喷射半角由小变大。随着蒸汽压力的增大,气流速度以及高速区长度变大,蒸汽压力为0.1 MPa时,气流速度的最大值与蒸汽压力为0.4 MPa时的相差近25%;不同压力下喷射角变化范围较小,为21.5°~23.5°;除此之外,喷雾束变集中,定向性变好,有助于控制其在烟叶表面喷射的均匀性。结论 对于较近的烟叶墙,采用较大流通截面积的喷嘴结构有利于均匀地覆盖烟叶墙,相反,对于较远的烟叶墙,则适合采用较小流通截面积的结构。适当地提高压力有利于提高料液喷洒的均匀性,减少料液的浪费,提高烟丝制备的工艺水平。     

轴对称型面喷管推力计算方法

为分析喷管内流场的变化,使用 1 维计算模型和基于 FLUENT 的 2 维计算模型对轴对称型面喷管的推力 进行计算,分析 2 种计算结果的差异。利用正交设计法,研究喷管的燃烧室压强、扩张角、扩张比、扩张段长度以 及燃气射流的黏度对喷管推力计算的影响。结果表明：推力差异与燃烧室压强近似线性关系;推力差异随着燃气黏 度的增加而增大;当初始扩张角越大、出口扩张角越小时,推力差异越小;推力差异随着扩张比、扩张段长度与喉 部半径比的增加先减小后增加;在低压、低黏度的情况下,1 维计算方法可用于喷管推力的计算,否则,2 维计算方 法更适合。     

高速电弧喷涂Fe基涂层的耐磨性能研究

本文通过高速电弧喷涂技术在低碳钢基体上制备Fe基涂层, 采用光学显微镜(OM)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 白光干涉仪表征涂层的微观结构以及磨痕形貌, 通过维氏硬度计、 摩擦磨损试验机检测涂层的机械性能。 研究结 果显示涂层呈典型的片层状结构, 涂层较为致密, 孔隙率为 1.75±0.22%。 硬质相元素的添加提高了涂层的微观 硬度, 涂层的硬度大约是基体的四倍。 同时, 涂层的磨损量相对基体来说降低了 78.61%, 对磨球切削基体表面 形成较深的犁沟, 而涂层因硬度较大, 形成的沟槽较浅, 并且涂层表层出现脆裂、 剥落现象, 产生大量的磨粒, 使得基体与涂层的磨损机制由粘着磨损向磨料磨损转变     

Processing effects on in-flight particle state and functional coating properties of plasma-sprayed manganese zinc ferrite

Magnetic properties of manganese zinc ferrite (MZF) coatings deposited by atmospheric dc plasma spraying largely depend on zinc and oxygen loss during particle flight. The temperature and velocity of in-flight MZF particles were widely varied by changing plasma spray conditions to examine these chemistry changes and resultant magnetic properties. Zn loss increases with increased particle temperature or decreased particle velocity. Meanwhile, wüstite (FeO) formation, related to the oxygen loss, is more complicated, partly because oxygen, which is lost during flight in the high-temperature zone of the plasma jet, can be recovered at longer spray distances. As a result, the saturation magnetization of MZF coatings decreases and the coercivity increases with increased particle temperature or decreased particle velocity.     

Residual stress determination in a dissimilar weld overlay pipe by neutron diffraction

Residual stresses were determined through the thickness of a dissimilar weld overlay pipe using neutron diffraction. The specimen has a complex joining structure consisting of a ferritic steel (SA508), austenitic steel (F316L), Ni-based consumable (Alloy 182), and overlay of Ni-base superalloy (Alloy 52M). It simulates pressurized nozzle components, which have been a critical issue under the severe crack condition of nuclear power reactors. Two neutron diffractometers with different spatial resolutions have been utilized on the identical specimen for comparison. The macroscopic ‘stress-free’ lattice spacing (d_o) was also obtained from both using a 2-mm width comb-like coupon. The results show significant changes in residual stresses from tension (300-400 MPa) to compression (−600 MPa) through the thickness of the dissimilar weld overlay pipe specimen.     

Industrial Experiment of Reducing Superheat of Steel by Nozzle Cooling

 Nozzle cooling equipment is developed to supervise and control the heat flux by changing water flux. An industrial experiment is held in billet caster in Huaigang . The results show that cooling control system works stably and effectively to control the heat fluxes by the temperature of copper tube. The superheat of steel in mould is reduced and the equiaxed crystal ratio, as well as compact degree of steel is raised.     

包钢炼铁厂降低中速磨废料排出量的措施

包钢炼铁厂喷煤系统中速磨废料排出量大,既浪费资源又影响台时产量,近几年一直在摸索如何降低废料排出量。2001年通过改造中速磨喷嘴环,调整系统参数,废料排出量大幅降低。文中对此次改造的措施及效果进行了分析总结。     

掺混燃油在离心喷嘴内的流动与雾化特性研究

燃料性质的改变会导致雾化特性的变化,针对乙醇掺混航空煤油在离心式压力雾化喷嘴内的流动与雾化特性开展了研究。通过耦合流体体积法(VOF)和离散相模型(DPM),研究了不同乙醇掺混体积分数下掺混燃油在离心式喷嘴中的内部流动和外部雾化过程。研究结果表明：在压差不变时,喷嘴内空气芯直径随着掺混燃油内乙醇体积分数的增加而增大;而液膜厚度则与空气芯直径成反比,随着乙醇体积分数的增加而减小。喷嘴出口的速度随着乙醇体积分数的增加而增大;在油膜表面的波动及气动力的共同作用下,油膜失稳形成液滴,获得了不同比例下掺混燃油在喷雾外流场内的喷雾粒径分布特征,随着掺混乙醇体积分数的增加,液滴的平均直径逐渐减小。     

Fluid flow and heat transfer with nail dipping method in mould during continuous casting process

ABSTRACT

The character and cause of sliver defect on IF steel sheet surface are studied by means of SEM, unstable flow in mould could induce surface velocity and level fluctuations, leading to surface defects during continuous casting of steel. The nozzle clogging is a serious problem during the continuous casting of steel, due to its influence on the casting operations and products quality. In this study, the nail dipping method for measuring surface velocity and flow direction in molten steel were employed. The fluid flow in mould of whole casting sequence was investigated, especially during the nozzle clogging conditions. The results showed that when nozzle clogging occurred in the 7th heat, the flow velocities on R and L side of nozzle were 0.280 and 0.402?m/s, respectively. The surface defect ratio of hot-rolled and cold-rolled plates increases with the increase of heat flux deviation on both sides of the mould copper. The different clogging per cent on both sides of the nozzle will lead to asymmetry flow, the surface velocity is higher with the small clogging per cent side compared to that of relatively large per cent clogging side.