粗异戊烯的醚化

研究了苯磺酸型树脂催化的异戊烯和甲醇的醚化,考查了温度、醇烯比和空速对反应的影响。结果表明在反应温度为59～67℃、甲醇与异戊烯的摩尔比值为1 4～1 6、液时空速为1 1～1 5h-1时反应的转化率大于70%。     

4′-乙酰基缩氨硫脲基苯并-15-冠-5的合成

报道了在多聚磷酸 (PPA )中将冠醚酰化的方法 ,合成了 4′-乙酰基苯并 - 15 -冠 - 5 ,以此为原料 ,在酸性条件下与氨基硫脲作用 ,合成了 4′-乙酰基缩氨硫脲基苯并 - 15 -冠 - 5。经由 IR、MS和元素分析对合成的两种新物质的结构进行了表征     

Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosa

In studies of feeding by the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus, two pine stilbenes (pinosylvin and pinosylvin methyl ether), ferulic acid glucoside, and enantiomers of the four most common sugars present in ponderosa pine phloem (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and raffinose) did not stimulate or reduce male feeding when assayed on wet -cellulose with or without stimulatory phloem extractives present. When allowed to feed on wet -cellulose containing sequential extracts (hexane, methanol, and water) of ponderosa pine phloem, methanol and water extractives stimulated feeding, but hexane extractives did not. Males confined in wet -cellulose containing aqueous or organic extracts of culture broths derived from phloem tissue and containing the root pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum, ingested less substrate than beetles confined to control preparations. In an assay using logs from uninoculated ponderosa pines, the mean lengths of phloem in the digestive tracts increased as time spent feeding increased. Males confined to the phloem of basal logs cut from ponderosa pines artificially inoculated with H. annosum ingested significantly less phloem than beetles in logs cut from trees that were (combined) mock-inoculated or uninoculated and did not contain the pathogen. However, individual pathogen-containing treatments were not significantly different from uninoculated controls. It was concluded that altered feeding rates are not a major factor which may explain why diseased ponderosa pines are colonized by I. paraconfusus.     

冷冻交联制备ZM-CSt-PVA复合凝胶及吸附Cu2+性能

以两性离子单体二甲氨基丙基丙烯酰胺-1-羧酸(ZM)、木薯淀粉(CSt)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为主要原料,采用"一锅法",通过冷冻交联制备ZM接枝共聚CSt-PVA互穿网络复合凝胶(ZPG2)。使用FTIR、TGA、POM、SEM-EDS对ZPG2进行了表征,评价了ZPG2对Cu~(2+)的静态吸附效果。结果表明:300℃以下,ZPG2的热稳定性良好;ZM的存在可产生反聚电解质效应和化学配位效应,显著提高凝胶吸附能力;在吸附温度25℃、ZPG20.1 g、Cu~(2+)质量浓度2×10~3 mg/L、溶液体积100 mL时,饱和吸附量为199 mg/g;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。     

冠醚化合物做为晶体生长的物理成熟剂

本文在制备AgBr八面体乳剂初液中,加入一系列不同量的1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13-二硫代杂环十八烷(2S-18-C-6),结果由于(2S-18-C-6)与银离子产生了络合,降低了乳剂成核的过饱和度,所得乳剂的颗粒大小与加入2S-18-C-6的量成正比。由于所得乳剂颗粒大小分布产生了变化,而使乳剂的光化学性质以及介电损耗也产生了规律性的变化。同时还发现,在乳剂成熟过程中,加入含杂质原子不同的冠醚化合物1,4,7,10,13,16-六氧环十八烷(18-C-6),1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13-二氮代杂环十八烷(2N-18-C-6),N-对甲苯磺酰基-7-氮杂-1,4,10,13-四氧硫杂环十六烷(NTsTTH)对晶体的物理成熟作用有很大差异,2S-18-C-6是很好的物理成熟剂,2N-18-C-6、NTsTTH是AgBr的溶剂,18-C-6的成熟作用很弱,说明冠醚化合物对AgBr的溶解成熟作用与其环上所含杂原子有关。     

氧化淀粉变性基团的分析方法

介绍了淀粉工业中氧化淀粉变性基团羧基和羰基的测定方法     

国内外AE／AES生产现状及市场分析

介绍国内外脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AE)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)的生产现状及供需情况.2003年全球AE的总产能为391.7万t/a,总产量为155.8万t,总消费量为148.3万t;AES的总产能为377.5万t/a,产量约为300万t,消费量约为90万t.2004年我国AE的产能已超过50万t/a,但产量只有15万t,消费量为30.5万t;AES的总产能为37.95万t/a,产量为14万t,市场需求约10万t.最后补充介绍乙氧基化的技术进展.     

Effects of preparation conditions on the surface modification and performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes

The impact that some membrane preparation steps had on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane characteristics and performance was studied. Polyethersulfone (PES) was employed as base polymer, while N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a nonsolvent pore‐forming additive. The manufacturing variables studied were solvent evaporation time and membrane surface modification, using a fluorine‐based copolymer referred to as surface‐modifying macromolecule (SMM). The flat sheet membranes, prepared via phase inversion, were characterized using solute transport data, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. Membrane performance was evaluated via filtration test protocol that included a 6‐day filtration of concentrated river water. The flux reduction with time was modeled using single and dual mechanisms of fouling. The pore blockage/cake filtration model described better the behavior of the permeation rate along the experiments. Increasing the solvent evaporation time decreased the size of the pores and the permeation rate. However, it did not significantly affect the removal of the organic compounds naturally present in the river water used as feed. XPS and contact angle measurements proved that the short evaporation periods did not allow enough SMM migration to the surface to provoke a significant effect on the membrane performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

柴油替代燃料二甲醚的应用开发和发展概况

详细介绍了二甲醚作为柴油替代燃料的开发和应用情况。以天然气为原料制二甲醚，天然气价格对产品成本影响非常大，目前二甲醚作为柴油替代燃料还不具备和柴油竞争的优势，相比之下合成气一步法工艺技术更具有竞争优势。概述了我国二甲醚发展现状，并对我国二甲醚发展提出了建议。     

环氧稀释剂十二烷基缩水甘油醚的合成

对稀释剂十二烷基缩水甘油醚的合成及影响产品质量的因素进行了研究,并以十二、十四混醇为原料进行了对比试验。