火炮发射药床冲击破碎动力学仿真研究

为了研究发射装药引起膛炸的基本原理,确保火炮武器系统发射过程安全,实现末端毁伤效应,从理论分析计算的角度出发,基于离散单元法,建立了火炮发射药床冲击破碎动力学仿真模型,模拟了大口径火炮发射药床在燃气流冲击载荷下的破碎过程,并与有限元计算软件LS-DYNA的结果进行对比,结果表明,离散单元法和有限元法计算结果几乎一致,验证了该方法的准确性。该计算方法对发射装药发射安全性研究具有一定理论实用价值。     

VRLA电池的早期容量损失述评

归纳了VRLA电池早期容量损失(PCL)现象的失效模式,对VRLA电池的PCL研究进展进行了分析,介绍了凝胶-晶体结构、球聚集模型、阻挡能层模型3种理论.提出了预防和恢复PCL,提高电池深循环寿命的方法.     

甘薯汁对果蝇寿命及抗氧化能力的影响

为探讨甘薯汁抗氧化及防衰老的功效,选取果蝇为动物模型,在培养基中分别添加低、中、高剂量（分别为0.10、0.15、0.20 mg/mL）甘薯汁饲喂8 h内羽化未交配的雌、雄果蝇,通过果蝇生存实验及测定不同饲养时间果蝇体内的超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力、总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,评价甘薯汁对果蝇寿命和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,不同剂量甘薯汁组均能显著延长雌、雄果蝇的平均寿命（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,且呈剂量依赖性。果蝇SOD活力、T-AOC在低、中、高剂量组中均显著增加（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,中、高剂量组果蝇体内MDA含量显著降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。其中,与对照组相比,高剂量组可使雌、雄果蝇平均寿命分别延长17.93%和16.00%,SOD活力分别提高50.51%、58.61%,T-AOC分别提高79.73%、62.67%,MDA含量分别下降35.59%、37.14%。结论：甘薯汁可以提高果蝇体内的抗氧化能力,具有一定的延缓衰老作用。     

能量状态在果蔬采后衰老中的作用及其调控研究进展

能量是采后果蔬维持正常生理代谢活动的基础。近年来的研究表明,能量亏缺是导致采后果蔬衰老的重要因素。本文从采后果蔬的呼吸代谢、活性氧和细胞膜完整性与能量状态的关系等方面阐述能量状态在果蔬采后衰老中的作用,并对采后果蔬能量状态的调控措施以及调控机制等方面的研究进展进行综述。此外,从能量合成、转运、耗散和感知相关基因在转录和蛋白水平的表达与调控,采后果蔬衰老的起始因子,能量亏缺的应激反应等方面进行展望,旨在为从能量角度探究采后果蔬衰老的机制和研发果蔬采后保鲜新技术提供参考。     

Leukemia-Induced Cellular Senescence and Stemness Alterations in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Reversible upon Withdrawal of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Leukemic cell growth in the bone marrow (BM) induces a very stressful condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a key component of this BM niche, are affected in several ways with unfavorable consequences on hematopoietic stem cells favoring leukemic cells. These alterations in MSC during B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have not been fully studied. In this work, we have compared the modifications that occur in an in vitro leukemic niche (LN) with those observed in MSC isolated from B-ALL patients. MSC in this LN niche showed features of a senescence process, i.e., altered morphology, increased senescence-associated β-Galactosidase (SA-βGAL) activity, and upregulation of p53 and p21 (without p16 expression), cell-cycle arrest, reduced clonogenicity, and some moderated changes in stemness properties. Importantly, almost all of these features were found in MSC isolated from B-ALL patients. These alterations rendered B-ALL cells susceptible to the chemotherapeutic agent dexamethasone. The senescent process seems to be transient since when leukemic cells are removed, normal MSC morphology is re-established, SA-βGAL expression is diminished, and MSC are capable of re-entering cell cycle. In addition, few cells showed low γH2AX phosphorylation that was reduced to basal levels upon cultivation. The reversibility of the senescent process in MSC must impinge important biological and clinical significance depending on cell interactions in the bone marrow at different stages of disease progression in B-ALL.     

An NIR-Responsive DNA-Mediated Nanotetrahedron Enhances the Clearance of Senescent Cells

Senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest that can escape apoptosis and lead to aging and numerous age-related diseases. In this study, an upconversion-nanoparticle (UCNP)-centered Au₂₀–Au₃₀ nanoparticles tetrahedron (UAuTe) is prepared by DNA hybridization, which can selectively accelerate the clearance of senescent cells. When the beta-2-microglobulin antibody (anti-B2MG) on the Au NPs recognizes senescent cells, the application of near-infrared (NIR) light induces the disassembly of the UAuTe by breaking the boronic ester linkage. Subsequently, the Granzyme B exposed on the UCNPs induces apoptosis in senescent cells, which can then be tracked by changes in fluorescence. It is found that, as compared to single Granzyme B, the UAuTe can not only control the Granzyme B delivery by NIR-responsivity, but also synergistically target and activate the Granzyme B in the senescent cell without the need of perforin. Moreover, this tool is applied successfully in vivo; the results demonstrate that the NIR-responsive tetrahedron can restore renal function, tissue homeostasis, fur density, and athletic ability in a mouse model of senescence after 30 d of treatment. The NIR-induced tetrahedron provides a practical strategy for clinical diagnosis and therapy, particularly for aging and age-related diseases.     

（英）STI埋层的高光电流和低暗计数率单光子雪崩二极管

本文研究和分析了一种0.18-μm CMOS工艺单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD）,其结构能抑制过早的边缘击穿（PEB）,同时获得较大的光电流和低的暗计数率（DCR）。该SPAD由p-well/deep n-well的感光结,deep n-well向上扩散形成的区域和边缘Shallow Trench Isolation（STI）共同形成的保护环组成。通过测试确定了与光电流和暗率有关的STI层的大小。结果证明,在STI层与保护环之间的重叠区域为1-μm 时,SPAD的暗计数率和光电流最佳。此外,直径为10-μm的圆形SPAD器件的暗计数率为208Hz,且在波长为510nm时峰值光子探测概率为20.8%,此时具有低的暗计数率和高的探测效率以及宽的光谱响应特性。     

预变形量和机械训练对形状记忆合金回复率的影响

利用废钢和生铁为原料,采用特殊保护剂,在大气中熔炼出Fe-Mn-Si-C形状记忆合金;利用应力诱发马氏体相变对Fe-Mn-Si-C合金实现形状记忆效应,探讨了预变形量和机械训练对Fe-Mn-Si-C合金回复率的影响规律.结果表明:在600℃的回复温度下,在一定的变形范围内,回复率随着预变形量的增大而降低;在机械训练过程中,合金的回复率随机械训练次数增加逐渐上升,训练超过一定次数后合金的回复率略有降低.     

沥青路面早期损坏的原因分析及防治

针对沥青路面出现的诸多病害，从原材料、施工控制、养护管理三方面分析了沥青路面出现早期损坏的原因，介绍了其防治措施，以保证沥青路面的正常使用，减少损坏现象。