The Influence of Strontium on Bone Tissue Metabolism and Its Application in Osteoporosis Treatment

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by low bone mass caused by increased bone turnover and impaired bone microarchitecture. In treatment, we use antiresorptive or anabolic drugs, which usually have a unidirectional effect, i.e., they inhibit the activity of osteoclasts or stimulate the effect of osteoblasts. Strontium ranelate is an anti-osteoporosis drug with a unique mechanism of action (used primarily in postmenopausal women). Unlike other medicines, it has a multidirectional effect on bone tissue, intensifying osteoblastogenesis while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. It turns out that this effect is demonstrated by strontium ions, an element showing physical and chemical similarity to calcium, the basic element that builds the mineral fraction of bone. As a result, strontium acts through the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) receptor in bone tissue cells. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in the introduction of strontium ions in place of calcium ions in ceramics used as bone replacement materials for the treatment of bone fractures and defects caused by osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge about the role of strontium in the treatment of osteoporosis, its effects (in various forms), and the ways in which it is administered.     

Optical properties of multi-stacked BaTiO3/SrTiO3 thin films synthesized via chemical method

In this work, the BaTiO₃ and SrTiO₃ thin films as well as BaTiO₃/SrTiO₃ lamellar composites are synthesized via sol-gel spin-coating method. The formation of corresponding phases from their sols is investigated by virtue of X-ray diffraction on their powders, which confirms the formation of tetragonal structure for BaTiO₃, but cubic structure for SrTiO₃. The field emission scanning electron microscopy images show that crack-free films with different morphologies are formed in each sample. Likewise, by changing periodicity of the samples, the morphology of the composite samples is changed. As the number of layers increases from 1 to 20, the band gap reduces from 4.38 eV to 4.10 eV for BaTiO₃ samples and from 4.13 eV to 3.80 eV for SrTiO₃ samples confirmed by UV–Vis spectra. The band gap of periodicity = 1 sample is higher than that of BaTiO₃, while band gaps of periodicity = 2 and 5 composites mount between those of BaTiO₃ and SrTiO₃. In addition, the refractive indices of multi-stacked composites are about 0.2 lesser than refractive indices of BaTiO₃ sample in high wavelengths. The periodicity dependence of optical frequency dielectric constant, dielectric loss, impedance, Urbach tail, extinction coefficient, and electric modulus of multi-stacked composites are also studied.     

川西南地区中二叠统热液白云岩特征及勘探思路

热液白云石化可形成优质白云岩储层。通过岩石矿物学观察、地球化学分析以及地震资料解释,四川盆地西南地区中二叠统栖霞组-茅口组广泛发育的砂糖状白云岩为热液白云石化成因,具有如下特征:①白云岩出现频率较高,单层厚度较大,宿主灰岩主要为生屑灰岩和生屑泥晶灰岩;②中-粗晶白云岩发育残余生屑结构,生屑溶蚀后部分被自生石英和鞍形白云石充填,孔隙类型主要为晶间孔和溶蚀孔,平均孔隙度为6 % ~10 % ;③基质白云岩包裹体均一温度明显高于白云石化作用时的地层温度,具有偏负的δ¹⁸O值、高的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值以及明显的正Eu异常;④白云岩产出井附近发育基底断裂,且在对应的地震剖面上见"下凹"反射特征。在紧邻基底断裂带,热液白云石化作用强,白云岩储层厚度大,横向连续性好,适合构造圈闭勘探;在远离基底断裂带,热液白云石化作用弱,白云岩储层厚度较小,横向连续性较差,适合岩性-构造圈闭勘探。     

硫酸锶垢除垢剂的影响因素研究

油田开发过程中,由于温度、压力的变化,以及地层水的化学不相容性等因素的影响,油井出现结垢是非常普遍的问题,尤其是硫酸锶垢,难溶难除,严重影响油田的正常生产。本文根据油田硫酸锶垢的防治现状,对EDTA二钠盐、NHJ、柠檬酸和聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）进行复配,确定了油田硫酸锶垢除垢剂的有效配方。考察了除垢剂复配比例、浓度、温度、pH、除垢时间等因素对除垢效果的影响,确定了其最佳复配比例及使用条件：EDTA二钠盐/NHJ/柠檬酸/聚丙烯酸钠复配比例为1.5/2.0/1.5/2.0,除垢剂浓度为0.20 g/L,温度为70℃,pH为9,除垢时间为4 h。此时,EDTA二钠盐、NHJ、柠檬酸与聚丙烯酸钠四元复配会取得更好的除垢效果,1 g除垢剂除垢量为0.2478 g。     

Performance improvement by metal deposition at the cathode active site in solid oxide fuel cells

In this study, the performance improvement of the SOFC single cell and its underlying mechanism was investigated. Furthermore, an application of the identified electrochemical mechanism is proposed and tested experimentally. The deposition of Platinum (Pt) at electrochemically active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction is determined to be responsible for the improved performance. Pt migration from a current collector to the cathode active sites originates from the oxygen partial pressure difference between current collector and triple phase boundary, and the electrochemical reduction reaction. It is supported by the confirmation of Pt particles at the cathode active sites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and calculations of the thermodynamic equilibrium partial pressure values. In addition, correlation of the initial performance change and the quantities of Pt deposition are investigated. This selective Pt deposition mechanism at the active sites is applied to the LSCF cathode, as well.     

Geochemical characteristics of Callovian –Oxfordian carbonates in Samandepe gas field,Amu Darya Basin, Turkmenistan

The Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reservoirs are the most important hydrocarbon reservoir in the Samandepe gas field,Amu Darya basin,Turkmenistan.Based on the analysis of Fe,Mn and Sr trace elements,and carbon,oxygen and strontium isotopes,the genesis and evolutionary characteristics of the carbonate reservoirs were studied,and the conclusions were follows:1) Sustained transgressive-regressive cycles played an important role during Callovian-Oxfordian.The reservoir of reef-bank facies was well developed in the period of transgression,while the regional dense cap rocks developed in the period of regression;2) The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio measured from rudist shells yields an age of 157.2 Ma according to the global strontium isotope curve;3) As diagenetic intensity increased,δ 13 C changed little,and δ 18 O showed strong negative deviation but was still limited to the range of Late Jurassic seawater.High Fe and Sr contents,and low Mn content,and the evolutionary trend of δ 13 C and δ 18 O all indicate that diagenesis occurred in a relatively confined environment,where the fluids were relatively reducing and contained hot brine.The stage of diagenesis reached is mesodiagenesis,which is very favorable for preservation of primary pores in carbonates;4) Strong dissolution of reef limestones,burial dolomitization and hydrothermal calcite precipitation were all the results of the interaction between the 87 Sr-rich diagenetic fluid and rocks;5) The analysis results of isotopes,fluid inclusions and vitrinite reflectance show that the diagenetic fluid was compaction-released water that originated from the deep,coal-bearing clastic strata.     

粱南输油管线防垢技术的研究与应用

针对梁南结垢的具体情况，探讨了输油管线结硫酸盐垢的原因及影响因素，指出了化学防垢的可行性。室内成功研制出DY-2阻垢剂，现场应用后有效地预防了硫酸钡、锶垢的形成。     

用正交法优化BST/MTO铁电移相器材料性能

利用正交试验方法研究了Bi2O3、MnCO3、SnO2等添加剂对钛酸锶钡/钛酸镁(BST/MTO)复合铁电移相器材料介电常数r、介质损耗tg以及调谐性T等性能的影响,并对影响机理作了初步探讨。实验结果表明选择合适种类与数量的添加剂能有效提高铁电移相器材料的性能。通过正交试验获得综合性能优异的移相器材料性能:r=315,tg=0.002 8,T=14.27%。     

Surface Structure of Oxygen Annealed Donor Doped SrTiO3(100) Single Crystals Studied with Spectroscopic Electron Microscopy

Heating 5at.% (on A-site) La-doped SrTiO₃(100) single crystals in an ambient atmosphere at 1300°C for 120 h results in the formation of insulating islands on top of the surface with typical dimensions of up to 50 m. The islands and the surface between them were investigated by spectroscopic Metastable Impact Electron Emission Microscopy (specMIEEM) and Photoelectron Emission Microscopy in order to determine its electronic and geometric structure.The comparison of specMIEEM results with MIES (Metastable Impact Electron Spectroscopy) spectra from stoichiometric SrO shows that the insulating islands, which most likely consist of SrO, are at least partly covered by another species, probably SrO₂. All these islands are surrounded by 2–3 m wide haloes. The electronic structure of these haloes is quite different from that of SrO and SrTiO₃ but similar to the electronic structure of TiO₂ or Ti₂O₃. It is suggested that the depletion of SrO from Ruddlesden-Popper (Sr _{n + 1}Ti _n O_{3n + 1}) phases results in the formation of SrO islands.     

A Mathematical-Physical Model for the Charge Transport in p-Type SrTiO3 Ceramics Under dc Load: Maxwell-Wagner Relaxation

A mathematical-physical model to describe the current response of p-type SrTiO₃ ceramics in the low-temperature regime upon dc voltage step was developed, utilizing the numerical class library DIFFPACK (Numerical Objects, Norway). The current response in the time domain shows the experimentally observed Maxwell-Wagner relaxation (space charge polarization), followed by leakage current, and, eventually, resistance degradation. The relaxation behavior is analyzed by means of the simulation results for the spatial profiles of the electrical potential and the respective point defects. The impact of bias voltage and grain boundaries on the relaxation time is investigated. The simulation results are compared with experimental data.