Harmonizing architectural decisions with component view models using reusable architectural knowledge transformations and constraints

Architectural design decisions (ADDs) have been used in recent years for capturing design rationale and documenting architectural knowledge (AK). However, various architectural design views still provide the most common means for describing and communicating architectural design. The evolution of software systems requires that both ADDs and architectural design views are documented and maintained, which is a tedious and time-consuming task in the long run. Also, in lack of a systematic and automated support for bridging between ADDs and architectural design views, decisions and designs tend to become inconsistent over time. In our proposal, we introduce a reusable AK transformation language for supporting the automated transformation of reusable AK knowledge to component-and-connector models, the architectural design view used most commonly today. In addition, reusable consistency checking rules verify the consistency between decisions and designs. We evaluate our approach in an industrial case study and show that it offers high reusability, provides automation, and can, in principle, deal with large numbers of recurring decisions.     

摄像稳定平台中摩擦补偿变结构控制研究

为获取清晰稳定的视频图像,必须利用稳定平台给船载摄像机提供一个良好的空间稳定环境。该平台为一个三轴机械设备,当船体处于不同的运动姿态时,轴系间摩擦力矩会改变,因此提出一种考虑摩擦补偿的变结构控制方法。仿真和研究结果表明,与经典PID控制方法相比,变结构控制器能有效消除因摩擦引起的"爬行"和"平顶"现象。使用指数趋近律的变结构控制算法使系统快速跟踪指令信号,动态效果良好。     

基于混合遗传算法的去耦电容网络设计

结合基于目标阻抗的设计方法,将混合遗传算法应用于PDN(电源分配网络)的去耦电容网络设计,对所需去耦电容器的种类和数目进行优化计算,同时与标准遗传算法和传统设计方法进行对比,借助Cadence电源完整性仿真工具验证设计结果的有效性和合理性。避免了传统设计需要借助EDA工具进行反复修改和验证的繁琐过程,同时减少了设计冗余,节省了PCB布局布线空间,为高频电路的PDN设计提供参考。     

Observer-based predictive controller design with network-enhanced time-delay compensation

State feedback control is very attractive due to the precise computation of the gain matrix, but the implementation of a state feedback controller is possible only when all state variables are directly measurable. This condition is almost impossible to accomplish due to the excess number of required sensors or unavailability of states for measurement in most of the practical situations. Hence, the need for an estimator or observer is obvious to estimate all the state variables by observing the input and the output of the controlled system. As such, the goal of this paper is to provide a control design methodology based on a Luenberger observer design that can assure the closed-loop performances of a vehicle drivetrain with backlash, while compensating the network-enhanced time-varying delays. This goal is achieved in a sequential manner: firstly, a piecewise linear model of two inertias drivetrain, which takes into consideration the backlash nonlinearity and the network-enhanced time-varying delay effects is derived; then, a Luenberger observer which estimates the state variables is synthesized and the robust full state-feedback predictive controller based on flexible control Lyapunov functions is designed to explicitly take into account the bounds of the disturbances caused by time-varying delays and to guarantee also the input-to-state stability of the system in a non-conservative way. The full state-feedback predictive control strategy based on the Luenberger observer design was experimentally tested on a vehicle drivetrain emulator controlled through controller area network, with the aim of minimizing the backlash effects while compensating the network-enhanced delays.     

Retrofitting of pedestrian overpass by Truss-Z modular systems using graph-theory approach

Installing pedestrian ramps is a common improvement towards a barrier-free environment. This paper introduces a graph-theoretical method of retrofitting of a single-branch Truss-Z (TZ) ramp in a constrained environment. The results produced by this exhaustive search method are usually ideal and better than those produced previously with meta-heuristic methods.A large case study of linking two sections of the Hongo Campus of Tokyo University using an overpass in an extremely constrained environment is presented. TZ modules with 1:12 (8.3%) slope are used, which is allowable in most countries for ramps for self-powered wheelchairs.The results presented here are highly satisfactory both in terms of structural optimization and aesthetics.Visualizations of the TZ ramp system, composed of 124 units, are presented.     

MPC-based dual control with online experiment design

We present two dual control approaches to the model maintenance problem based on adaptive model predictive control (mpc). The controllers employ systematic self-excitation and design experiments that are performed under normal operation, resulting in improved control performance with smaller output variance and less control effort. Our control formulations offer a novel approach to the question of how to excite the plant input to generate informative data within the context of mpc and adaptive control. One controller actively tries to reduce the parameter-estimate error covariances; the other controller maximizes the information in the signals for enhanced learning. Our approach differs from existing ones in that we let our controllers converge to standard certainty equivalence (ce) mpc when the parameter uncertainty decreases or more information is generated, and as a result we avoid plant excitation when the uncertainty is low or enough information has been generated. We demonstrate that the controllers work well with a large number of tuning configurations and also address the issue of models that are not admissible for control design.     

Non-diagonal H∞ weighting function design: Exploiting spatio-temporal deformations in precision motion control

Model-based control design requires a careful specification of performance and robustness requirements. In typical norm-based control designs, performance and robustness requirements are specified in a scalar optimization criterion, even for complex multivariable systems. This paper aims to develop a novel approach for the formulation of this optimization criterion for multivariable motion systems that exhibit spatio-temporal deformations. To achieve this, characteristics of the underlying system are exploited to design multivariable weighting functions. In contrast to pre-existing approaches, which typically lead to diagonal weighting functions, the proposed approach enables the design of non-diagonal weighting functions. Extensive experimental results confirm that the proposed procedure can significantly improve the performance of an industrial motion system compared to earlier approaches.     

Exploring principles of user-centered agile software development: A literature review

ContextIn the last decade, software development has been characterized by two major approaches: agile software development, which aims to achieve increased velocity and flexibility during the development process, and user-centered design, which places the goals and needs of the system’s end-users at the center of software development in order to deliver software with appropriate usability. Hybrid development models, referred to as user-centered agile software development (UCASD) in this article, propose to combine the merits of both approaches in order to design software that is both useful and usable.ObjectiveThis paper aims to capture the current state of the art in UCASD approaches and to derive generic principles from these approaches. More specifically, we investigate the following research question: Which principles constitute a user-centered agile software development approach?MethodWe conduct a systematic review of the literature on UCASD. Identified works are analyzed using a coding scheme that differentiates four levels of UCASD: the process, practices, people/social and technology dimensions. Through subsequent synthesis, we derive generic principles of UCASD.ResultsWe identified and analyzed 83 relevant publications. The analysis resulted in a comprehensive coding system and five principles for UCASD: (1) separate product discovery and product creation, (2) iterative and incremental design and development, (3) parallel interwoven creation tracks, (4) continuous stakeholder involvement, and (5) artifact-mediated communication.ConclusionOur paper contributes to the software development body of knowledge by (1) providing a broad overview of existing works in the area of UCASD, (2) deriving an analysis framework (in form a coding system) for works in this area, going beyond former classifications, and (3) identifying generic principles of UCASD and associating them with specific practices and processes.     

面向维吾尔文的多模式匹配算法研究

维吾尔文多模式匹配算法是影响维吾尔文关键词过滤和检测性能的关键步骤之一.为此,考虑维吾尔文语法特点、书写方式、字母变换形式、特殊字母等因素,提出一种基于维吾尔文音节划分的多模式匹配算法.通过Bohum-sani函数的维吾尔语音节分解方法计算字符串音节数,利用Bohum-xekli函数得到字符串音节结构,按语法特点从右至左方式进行模式比较,实现维吾尔文多模式匹配.实验结果表明,与现有模式匹配算法相比,该算法具有更高的匹配效率.