酚醛树脂改性聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的研究

在多元醇中掺入甲阶酚醛树脂，与异氰酸酯反应，可以获得具有PF阻燃性和PU绝热性能的PF／PU共聚硬质泡沫塑料。介绍了甲阶酚醛树脂制备方法，并对其合成工艺、反应条件控制等进行了较详尽的探讨。     

Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Adhesive Joint Strengths of Emulsion Polymers Produced by Power Feed Technique. III. Adhesive Joint Strengths of Grafted Power Feed Copolymer

Power feed copolymers were synthesized using styrene and n-butyl acrylate through non-uniform feeding emulsion polymerization. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as a protective colloid, onto which vinyl monomers were grafted. Power feed copolymer had a very broad glass transition temperature compared with random copolymer, even if grafting and/or crosslinking were introduced to the system. This tendency was almost the same as the non-grafted power feed copolymer where only low molecular weight surfactant was used.

Adhesive joint strengths of power feed copolymers were evaluated compared with random copolymers. In the case of usual linear power feed copolymer, the adhesive joint strengths were not higher than those of random copolymer, which was considered to be due to the lower film strengths of the power feed copolymer. Power feed copolymer having grafting showed slightly higher adhesive joint strengths over a wide range of temperatures than random copolymer. When crosslinking was introduced to the system, power feed copolymer showed much higher adhesive joint strengths over a wide temperature range.     

Fracture properties of epoxy/poly(styrene‐co‐allylalcohol) blends

The epoxy/polystyrene system is characterized by a poor adhesion between the constituent phases, which determines its mechanical properties. The adhesion can be improved via blends based on epoxy resin and random copolymers, poly(styrene‐co‐allylalcohol) (PS‐co‐PA). In this work, the influence of PS‐co‐PA content and the good adhesion between the phases on the tensile properties and the fracture toughness achieved through instrumented Charpy tests have been investigated. The tensile strength and the deformation at break showed an increase in the PS‐co‐PA content while the Young's modulus remained the same. The tensile fracture surfaces revealed that the improvement of these magnitudes was mainly due to a crack deflection mechanism. Also, the fracture toughness of the blends was superior to that of the pure epoxy resin. The main operating toughening mechanism was crack deflection. The fractographic analysis showed that ～ 80% of the particles were broken, and the crack tended to divert from its original path through the broken PS‐co‐PA particles. The remaining particles were detached from the epoxy resin, and the holes left suffered plastic deformation. Analytical models were used to predict successfully the toughness due to these mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(L‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers

Poly(L‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers with predetermined block lengths were synthesized by polycondensation of PLA diols and PEG diacids. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions, using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the coupling agent and dimethylaminopyridine as the catalyst. The resulting copolymers were characterized by various analytical techniques, such as GPC, viscometry, ¹H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, X‐ray diffractometry, and contact angle measurement. The results indicated that these copolymers presented outstanding properties pertinent to biomedical use, including better miscibility between the two components, low crystallinity, and hydrophilicity. Moreover, the properties of the copolymers can be modulated by adjusting the block length of the two components or the reaction conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1729–1736, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10580     

Copolymerization of norbornene with norbornene terminated polystyrene macromonomer in the presence of Ni-based/MAO catalytic systems

Copolymerization of -norbornenyl polystyrene macromonomer (NBE-PS) with norbornene (NBE) using Ni-based catalysts in combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO) was investigated. The nature of the catalyst, the of the polystyrene macromonomer as well as the [NBE-PS]/[NBE] ratio have been shown to be important parameters to obtain graft copolymers with high NBE-PS incorporation (up to 43 wt%). The compatibilization ability of these graft copolymers has been checked for PS/PNBE blends. The length of the grafts was proved not to be an important parameter to consider compatibilization of the PS/PNBE blend.     

用三元共聚改性剂制PVC耐热管材

利用自行研制的三元共聚耐热改性剂与聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混制成耐热管材专用料，考察了共混体系中耐热改性剂、抗冲改性剂、填料及热稳定剂等各组分对材料拉伸强度、冲击强度和维卡软化点等综合性能的影响，同时对氯化聚氯乙烯和自制耐药改性剂的耐药和加工性能进行了比较，所研制的耐热改性剂与PVC混合后耐热效果较好，且易挤出加工。研制的耐热管材的维卡软化点可达100℃，比无规聚丙烯管材的维卡耐热性能要高。     

接枝淀粉共聚物的合成与应用

介绍了接枝淀粉共聚物的合成方法及应用领域，回顾了我国近年来在该领域所取得的可喜进展。     

Enzymatic degradation of thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) grafted to carboxymethylcellulose copolymers

The enzymatic degradation of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) grafted to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) copolymers with a cellulasic preparation (Trichoderma viride) was studied. The enzymatic activity of the cellulasic preparation against CMC and the grafted copolymers was determined by the Petterson–Porath method, while their reduced viscosity variation in the presence of the same preparation was also followed. It has been shown that the enzymatic degradation behavior depends on the copolymer composition and the reaction temperature. Reducing sugars analysis showed that the experimental values for the grafted copolymers were higher than the calculated ones. At 50°C, the enzymatic reaction is completed in about 20 min for the copolymers, whereas for CMC it takes more than 40 min. It can be concluded that their enzymatic degradation is facilitated by the presence of the PNIPAM grafts. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1383–1386, 2003     

凯氏定氮法在测试氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚树脂中丙烯腈含量的应用

介绍了凯氏定氮法在测定氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚树脂中丙烯腈含量的应用及反应原理,对测试结果的准确性和重复性进行了研究,并与灼烧法进行了比较。实验结果表明:采用凯氏定氮法测定氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚树脂中丙烯腈的含量是可行的,测定结果准确,重现性较好。     

Multiple morphologies of self-assembled star aggregates of amphiphilic PEO-b-PNPMA diblock copolymers in solution, synthesis and micellization

Novel amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(p-nitrophenyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PNPMA) with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distribution were successively synthesized by ATRP of NPMA using PEO-Br as initiator. Self-assembling of the diblock copolymer PEO₁₁₃-b-PNPMA₂₈ in the different solvent mixtures yielded various morphologies of star micelle-like aggregates, such as spheres, vesicles, cauliflower-like aggregates and rod-like aggregates, which are determined by the nature of the common solvents and the selective solvents. Thus the critical selective solvent contents and the solvent contents in PNPMA-rich phase were measured, and they have the following order: ethanol > methanol > water, and THF > CH₃NO₂ > DMSO. The probable self-assembling mechanism is discussed. This method is convenient for preparation of multiple morphological star micelle-like aggregates in solution, especially from the amphiphilic block copolymers with relatively longer block shell.