Application of an Artificial Neural Network in Reactor Thermohydraulic Problem: Prediction of Critical Heat Flux

A new method for predicting Critical Heat Flux (CHF) with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method is presented in this paper. The ANNs were trained based on three conditions: type I (inlet or upstream conditions), II (local or CHF point conditions) and III (outlet or downstream conditions). The best condition for predicting CHF is type II, providing an accuracy of ±10%. The effects of main parameters such as pressure, mass flow rate, equilibrium quality and inlet subcooling on CHF were analyzed using the ANN. Critical heat flux under oscillation flow conditions was also predicted.     

Designing Durable Vapor‐Deposited Surfaces for Reduced Hydrate Adhesion

The formation and accumulation of clathrate hydrates inside oil and gas pipelines cause severe problems in deep‐sea oil/gas operations. In the present work, durable and mechanically robust bilayer poly‐divinyl benzene/poly(perfluorodecylacrylate) coatings are developed using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to reduce the adhesion strength of hydrates to underlying substrates (silicon and steel). Tetrahydrofuran (THF) dissolved in water with a wt% concentration of 0–70 is used to study the formation of hydrates and their adhesion strength. Goniometric measurements of the THF–water droplets on the substrates exhibit a reduction in advancing and receding contact angles with an increase in the THF concentration. The strength of hydrate adhesion experiences a tenfold reduction when substrates are coated with these iCVD polymers: from 1050 ± 250 kPa on bare silicon to 128 ± 100 kPa on coated silicon and from 1130 ± 185 kPa on bare steel to 153 ± 86 kPa on coated steel. The impact of subcooling temperature and time on the adhesion strength of hydrate on substrates is also studied. The results of this work suggest that the THF–water mixture repellency of a given substrate can be utilized to assess its hydrate‐phobic behavior; hence, it opens a pathway for studying hydrate‐phobicity.     

一种测量石蜡相变乳液过冷度的新方法：平衡态比容法

石蜡相变乳液是集储热与传热于一体的新型功能流体,具有广阔的应用前景。但石蜡相变乳液在降温时会出现过冷现象,极大降低了其储热与传热的性能。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）测量石蜡相变乳液的过冷度受到升/降温速率的影响,且升/降温速率越大,测得过冷度越大。提出一种测量石蜡相变乳液过冷度的方法——平衡态比容法。该方法通过测量石蜡相变乳液在不同温度下的比容,以确定乳液中石蜡粒子在升/降温过程中的相变温度,并进一步求解石蜡相变乳液的过冷度。实验结果表明,本研究提出的平衡态比容法能准确测量石蜡相变乳液的过冷度,并从比容变化的角度揭示石蜡相变乳液过冷现象的机理。     

CO2空气源热泵供暖系统性能分析

为解决常规CO_2系统供暖效率低的问题,本文建立了常规CO_2系统、R410A喷气增焓系统、复叠系统、间接过冷CO_2系统、直接过冷CO_2系统的热力学模型,对采用不同供热末端的系统性能进行优化和分析。结果表明:当供/回水温度为65℃/40℃(供热末端为暖气片)、环境温度为-20～20℃时,直接过冷系统的COP较常规CO_2系统提升3.8%～20.9%。直接过冷系统的CO_2循环占主导地位,间接过冷系统在大多数工况下辅助系统对热水生产占主导。仅需通过为直接过冷系统配置相对较小的蒸气压缩制冷循环装置,即可实现系统效率的显著提升。对于不同的CO_2热泵系统,环境温度高于-15℃时,直接过冷系统火用效率均高于其它系统,较常规CO_2系统火用效率提高19.3%～28.2%;环境温度低于-15℃时,CO_2/R1234yf复叠系统的火用效率最高。     

Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体相变蓄冷特性研究

在水介质中悬浮少量的纳米氧化铝颗粒(粒径20nm),通过添加分散剂和超声波振荡,制备成均匀分散的Al2O3-H2O纳米流体。对水和Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的相变蓄冷特性进行了实验比较。结果表明,加入纳米Al2O3可降低水的过冷度,缩短结冰时间;在相同的时间内,纳米流体的蓄冷量要大于纯水。     

基于热电原理的过冷器在家用空调中应用的实验研究

在蒸气压缩制冷系统中,增加系统的过冷度可以提高系统的制冷量及其性能系数。本文设计了一种基于热电制冷原理来增加系统过冷度的空调系统,并在最小制冷,额定制冷和最大制冷三种工况下,对运行过冷装置前后的空调系统的性能进行实验对比。结果表明:采用设计的过冷器后,冷凝器出口的过冷度分别提高了2.3℃、1.9℃和1.5℃,系统的制冷量分别提高了3.6%、3.2%和4%,系统的性能系数分别提高了3.7%、3.1%和4.2%。在下一步的实验中可通过优化热电制冷片的运行工况,进一步提高系统的性能。     

蓄冷型二氧化碳空调系统理论设计与分析

对蓄冷型二氧化碳空调进行了理论研究。描述了系统组成和运行模式，建立了一个简易设计计算模型，重点计算了过冷运行模式下的制冷量和性能系数，给出了与常规系统不同的过冷器和蒸发器的设计结果。分析表明，融冰过冷方法能显著提高二氧化碳空调性能。     

空气源热泵自然冷源过冷制热性能实验研究

冬季我国北方室外环境蕴含大量天然冷源,热力学分析表明热泵工质过冷释放的热量可以在蒸发器的等温吸热过程中获得补偿。为了研究大气自然冷源对热泵制热性能的影响,增设室外过冷器,搭建利用自然冷源过冷的空气源热泵实验装置。实验结果表明：当室外环境温度大于0 ℃,冷凝温度小于45 ℃的条件下,自然冷源过冷对热泵制热量与制热COP影响均较小,系统制热量维持在6.22 ~ 6.70 kW,制热COP维持在3.03,压缩机排气温度维持在103 ℃以下;当室外环境温度小于 -10 ℃,冷凝温度大于50 ℃时,随过冷度的增加,压缩机功率增加、排气温度显著增高,系统制热量呈先缓慢增加后减小趋势,制热COP降至2.3。基于上述研究提出一种空气源热泵过冷融霜新型除霜方式,融霜同时不停止制热。     

利用制冷剂过冷放热除霜的研究

提出利用制冷剂过冷所放出的热量来解决空气源热泵冬季结霜问题的方法,并给出实现该方法的系统构成。通过计算证明,制冷剂过冷放出的热量远大于除霜需要的热量。     

Experimental investigation on subcooling of liquid hydrogen by helium gas injection through evacuation

Subcooling is the process of bringing down the temperature of liquids lower than that of the boiling point of the corresponding vapor pressure. The performance of subcooling of cryogenic liquids mainly depends on the heat-inleak of the system, the helium injection mass flow rate, helium injection temperature, and helium injection nozzle pattern. This paper presents an alternative method, by making use of the least heat in the leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage container, which is quite possible because containers with excellent thermal insulation are commercially available nowadays. The process involved is rapid evacuation through gas ejectors, thus reducing the effect of temperature. The advantage and the process of evacuation leading to subcooling in a unique manner are the objective of this article. The experimental results are discussed in comparison with the thermophysical process involved in the subcooling operation. A comparative study is also carried out with the theoretical heat exchange process in which helium is used as a medium for the economy of the stated process. It is stated that the current process of subcooling through evacuation is superior to the conventional heat exchange process.