2008年公开的新农药品种

概述了2008年公开的11个新农药品种,其中杀菌剂2个、杀虫剂3个、除草剂6个。     

Preparation of highly phenol substituted bio-oil–phenol–formaldehyde adhesives with enhanced bonding performance using furfural as crosslinking agent

Highly phenol substituted bio-oil–phenol–formaldehyde (BPF) adhesives were prepared via the phenolization-copolymerization method, in which furfural was used as a novel crosslinking agent to improve the bonding performance. The effects of bio-oil percentage, furfural content, curing temperature, and pressure on the performance of BPF adhesives have been studied in detail. A BPF adhesive with 75% bio-oil percentage and 15% furfural loading (named 75BPF_15) was synthesized, which was cured at 180 °C and 4 MPa. Compared to the conventional phenol–formaldehyde adhesive, the wet tensile strength of 75BPF_15 adhesive reached 2.84 MPa, which was significantly higher than the 1.54 MPa of PF. A possible mechanism of BPF adhesives crosslinked with furfural is proposed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46995.     

活性碳纤维负载钴酞菁对取代酚的催化氧化

为去除难降解的酚类物质,以活性碳纤维负载钴酞菁(CoPc-ACF)为催化剂、以H2O2为氧化剂组成新型催化氧化体系(CoPc-ACF/H2O2).该体系能充分发挥CoPc-ACF中活性碳纤维的吸附特性和钴酞菁的催化性能.以对硝基苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚和取代氯酚为对象,研究该体系对其的吸附催化氧化性能.采用UPLC检测酚类物...     

Enumeration of stereo,position and chiral isomers of polysubstituted giant fullerenes: applications to C180 and C240

Abstract

We have developed combinatorial generation function methods that combine M?bius inversion and character cycle indices for the enumeration of stereo, position and chiral isomers of icosahedral giant fullerenes C₁₈₀ and C₂₄₀. Techniques are also developed for the machine perception of symmetries of especially giant fullerenes. The techniques yield, symmetries, position, stereo and chiral isomers of giant fullerenes which we illustrate with applications to icosahedral C₁₈₀(I_h), and C₂₄₀(I_h). We have obtained combinatorial tables for the isomers of C₁₈₀X_k and C₂₄₀X_k. Our results point to errors in previous computations on C₂₄₀ permutations. We have also outlined applications to NMR and ESR spectroscopy.     

Review on recent advances of zinc substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: Synthesis characterization and diverse applications

Researchers have taken a prodigious consideration in characterizing and synthesizing zinc substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles because of their substantial applications across diverse technological and industrial fields. Zinc substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are a class of lenient magnetic nanomaterials, which have potentially high magnetic, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties. These properties include a high value of permeability, low power losses, permittivity, saturation magnetization, coercivity, resistivity, and other beneficial properties that make them promise candidates for applications in various fields. These ferrites are also used in biomedical areas such as MRI and cancer treatments. In electronic fields, zinc substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are used to make transducers, transformers, biosensors, and sensors. Apart from these advantages, they are found in our everyday electronic and electrical appliances like LED bulb, refrigerator, mobile charger, TV, microwave oven, juicer, washing machine, mixer, iron, printer, laptop, mobile, desktop, etc. Hence, the current review reports some properties of these spinel ferrites and emphasizes the different synthesis techniques that can be used to prepare them. Afterward, the impact of dopant on the materials' properties, the characterization techniques, and the momentous application in the present era have been well discussed.     

Synthesis of Hydrogen‐Substituted Graphyne Film for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Applications

Graphyne (GY) is a new type of carbon allotrope, which is viewed as a rapidly rising star in the carbon family referred to as 2D carbon allotropes due to its extraordinary properties. Considering the dynamic nature of the alkyne metathesis reaction, a hydrogen‐substituted graphyne (HsGY) film is successfully synthesized on a gas/liquid interface using 1,3,5‐tripynylbenzene (TPB) as the precursor. The synthesized HsGY film is used as a sulfur host matrix to be applied in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). The HsGY@S electrode is prepared using S₈ as sulfur source and presents excellent electrochemical performance.     

吡唑类农药品种的研究开发进展

吡唑类农药是一类重要的杂环类化合物,广泛用于除草、杀虫/杀螨和杀菌等多个领域。对吡唑类农药的结构与其生物活性的关系进行了分析,并对目前上市的该类品种作了简单介绍。     

Neem--an omnipotent plant: a retrospection

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) has universally been accepted as a wonder tree because of its diverse utility. Multidirectional therapeutic uses of neem have been known in India since the Vedic times. Besides its therapeutic efficacies, neem has already established its potential as a source of naturally occurring insecticide, pesticide and agrochemicals. Safe and economically cheaper uses of different parts of neem in the treatment of various diseases and in agriculture are discussed in this article. It further deals with the active chemical constituents of various neem formulations. Commercially available neem products are also mentioned along with their respective applications. Furthermore, evaluation of safety aspects of different parts of neem and neem compounds along with commercial formulations are also taken into consideration. Systematic scientific knowledge on neem reported so far is thus very useful for the wider interests of the world community.     

Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene nucleated with substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate salts

The crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and nucleated iPP with substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate salts were investigated by means of a differential scanning calorimeter under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. During isothermal crystallization, Avrami equation was used to describe the crystallization kinetics. Moreover, kinetics parameters such as the Avrami exponent n, crystallization rate constant Z_t, and crystallization half‐time t_1/2 were compared. The results showed that a remarkable decrease in t_1/2 as well as a significant increase in overall crystallization rate was observed in the presence of monovalent salts of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate, while bivalent and trivalent salts have little effect on crystallization rate of iPP. The addition of monovalent metal salts could decrease the interfacial free energy per unit area perpendicular to PP chains σ_e value of iPP so that the nucleation rate of iPP was increased. During nonisothermal crystallization, Caze method was used to analyze the crystallization kinetics. It also showed that monovalent metal salts had better nucleation effects than bivalent and trivalent metal salts. From the obtained Avrami exponents of iPP and nucleated iPP it could be concluded that the addition of different nucleating agents changed the crystal growth pattern of iPP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3307–3316, 2006     

选择性有机可焊保护剂在印制电路板铜金表面选择性沉积机理

通过紫外分析有机可焊保护剂（OSP）膜厚、SEM形貌观察和EDS元素分析等方法研究了不同OSP工艺流程对印制电路板铜金选择性沉积的过程和机理。结果表明：取代苯并咪唑衍生物和1价铜化合物的OSP配合反应需要一定的活化能;2价铜离子、3价铁离子以及苯并咪唑小分子均可以降低该反应的活化能,具有正向催化作用,而锌离子不具备催化OSP反应的能力;利用铁离子的催化特性和不参与成膜的特点可以使OSP在铜、金之间形成选择性,利用苯并咪唑小分子不与金原子络合的特点也可以使OSP在铜、金之间形成选择性;配套预浸前处理的含锌离子OSP体系的选择性显著优于含铁离子OSP体系的选择性;OSP成膜反应不会改变铜表面和金表面的微观形貌。