乳酸菌发酵对脱脂米糠营养成分的影响

为建立脱脂米糠复合乳酸菌半固态发酵的工艺条件,明确脱脂米糠在发酵前、后营养特性的变化,以乳酸菌降糖和释放酚能力为考察指标,筛选最优复合菌种,结果以嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌组成的复合菌种的降糖和释放酚能力最高。采用单因素试验优化的复合乳酸菌发酵脱脂米糠的工艺条件:复合菌株添加量5.0%,菌种配比1∶1,发酵温度35℃,发酵时间36 h。与未发酵米糠相比,发酵米糠中可溶性固形物、碳水化合物、可溶性膳食纤维、蛋白和可溶性总酚含量分别提高了31.42%,21.82%,112.21%,65.54%和37.14%(P<0.05)。此外,乳酸菌发酵使米糠提取物中的必需氨基酸含量提高了21.23%,其中异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸和缬氨酸含量分别提高了47.18%,49.78%,13.73%,9.0%,75.26%,24.06%(P<0.05)。同时,发酵米糠提取物的必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值(EAA/NEAA)为0.48,其必需氨基酸的比值系数分数(SRC)值更接近100。试验结果表明,乳酸菌发酵显著改善了脱脂米糠的营养价值。本研究结果可为脱脂米糠高值生物转化利用提供指导。     

几种茶多糖对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响

目的:研究和对比白茶、绿茶和红茶粗制多糖(crude tea polysaccharides,CTPs)的降血糖效果及机理。方法:分别选取寿眉、龙井、白琳工夫作为白茶、绿茶和红茶的代表,制备粗多糖。以链脲佐菌素诱导小鼠糖尿病模型,二甲双胍作为阳性对照,研究粗制茶多糖对小鼠体重、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、葡萄糖耐量和胰腺组织病变情况的影响,qPCR测定小鼠肝脏中相关基因表达水平。结果:CTPs均具有降血糖功效,白茶、绿茶、红茶多糖的空腹血糖下降率分别为47.0%、47.8%、36.7%;CTPs均可改善小鼠葡萄糖耐量,下调Foxo1、G6Pc、PEPCK和TXNIP基因的表达量。结论:本实验剂量条件下,研究所选粗制茶多糖提取物均具有降血糖效果,其中绿茶多糖作用最明显。     

离子色谱法同时测定啤酒中23种糖、糖醇及醇

建立了积分脉冲安培检测（IPAD）-离子色谱（IC）法同时测定啤酒中23种糖、糖醇及醇的方法,通过对流速、色谱柱温度、淋洗浓度等实验影响因素的考察,探索出了适合23种组分测定的色谱分析条件。结果表明,当流速为0.45 mL/min,淋洗浓度为480 mmol/L,柱温在29 ℃时,23种组分在各自质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系（R2＞0.999）。除了甲醇和乙醇外,其他21种组分检出限（LODs）在0.011～0.197 mg/L之间;在0.20 mg/L、1.00 mg/L、2.00 mg/L三个质量浓度添加水平下,23种组分的平均回收率为81.27%～106.12%,精密度试验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.53%～10.52%。该方法高效、灵敏、准确,适于啤酒中23种糖、糖醇及醇的分析测定。     

超声强化过氧化氢-维生素C体系糖汁脱色的研究

研究超声强化过氧化氢-维生素C复合脱色剂体系对糖汁脱色的规律,考察了超声功率、复合脱色剂用量、超声温度和时间对糖汁脱色率的影响。试验结果表明:超声空化强化过氧化氢-维生素C对糖汁具有良好的脱色效果,当处理糖汁量为100 mL,超声功率为260 W,过氧化氢与维生素C的用量均为1.6 mL,空化温度为70℃,超声时间为6 min时,脱色率达到53.4%。通过正交试验分析,得到各个因素对糖汁脱色率影响的主次关系为:超声功率>复合脱色剂用量>超声时间>空化温度。     

Production of active lipase by Rhizopus oryzae from sugarcane bagasse: solid state fermentation in a tray bioreactor

This study deals with production of lipase in solid state fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae from sugarcane bagasse. A tray bioreactor was designed for the extracellular enzyme production. Daily, lipase production was evaluated at several incubation temperatures. Furthermore, the influence of temperature and humidity of the cabinet, depth of solid bed, particle size, initial moisture content and supplementary substrate (olive oil) as carbon source was investigated. The obtained results showed that bioreactor temperature of 45 °C, humidity of 80%, solid bed depth of 0.5 cm, particle size in the range of 0.335–1 mm, substrate initial moisture content of 80% for the top tray and 70% for the middle tray and supplementary substrate of 8% (v/w) olive oil led to maximum lipase production. Under optimum fermentation conditions after 72‐h incubation, maximum lipase activities for the top, middle and bottom trays were 215.16, 199.36 and 52.64 U gds^?1, respectively.     

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Lignocellulosic Fibers

Abstract

Spruce, coconut coir, sugarcane bagasse, kenaf bast, kenaf core, and cotton were tested for their ability to remove copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous solutions as a function of their lignin content. The fibers were analyzed for sugar and lignin content and extracted with di-ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, hot water, or 1% sodium hydroxide.

The order of lignin content in un-extracted fibers is coconut coir > spruce > kenaf core > bagasse > kenaf bast > cotton. The fiber with the highest level of heavy metal removal was kenaf bast that had a very low level of lignin, showing that removal of heavy metals does not correlate with lignin content. Cotton, with about 1% lignin, was very low in metal ion sorption while all of the fibers containing lignin did remove heavy metal ions showing that lignin does play a role in metal ion sorption. Extraction with the various solvents removed different cell wall components and did change heavy metal sorption that indicates that cell wall chemistry and architecture may also be important factors in the sorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using lignocellulosic fibers.     

青梅甘蔗复合发酵酒加工工艺

以梅浆:甘蔗汁=1∶1的混合浆为原料,研究了青梅甘蔗复合发酵酒(简称为梅酒)的关键加工工艺,具体包括:梅浆酶解条件、梅酒发酵工艺、梅酒澄清条件。结果表明,酶解的适宜条件为:酶解浓度251.5 mg/L,温度45℃,时间4 h;发酵条件为:菌种接种量5%,SO2添加量100 mg/L,初始pH3.2,发酵温度28℃;在明胶、皂土、壳聚糖3种澄清剂中,以皂土的澄清效果最佳,其最佳澄清条件为:添加量0.08 g/100 mL、温度25℃、处理10 h。     

Zeta电位法优化赤砂糖回溶糖浆絮凝澄清工艺的研究

通过对赤砂糖回溶糖浆絮凝过程中Zeta电位的研究,探讨基于Zeta电位优化回溶糖浆絮凝澄清工艺的可行性。考察了pH、氯化钙、氢氧化钙、絮凝剂用量等对赤砂糖回溶糖浆Zeta的影响规律,分别以Zeta电位、脱色率、浊度为指标,优化最佳工艺条件。结果表明,氢氧化钙量5g/L、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺0.014g/L,最佳工艺Zeta电位达到-3.02mV;氢氧化钙量4g/L、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺0.014g/L,最佳工艺脱色率达到41.95%;氢氧化钙量5g/L、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺0.016g/L,最佳工艺浊度达到865.26。以Zeta电位、脱色率、浊度为指标,优化的最佳工艺条件基本一致,证明以Zeta电位法优化赤砂糖回溶糖浆絮凝澄清工艺具有可行性。由于Zeta电位更能反映澄清絮凝过程的本质,可为澄清剂、絮凝剂的遴选及其最佳用量的确定提供重要的依据。      

蔗渣热风干燥和微波干燥特性比较及评价

为了探讨蔗渣干燥特性,利用功率分别为中火档、中高火档的微波对蔗渣进行微波干燥,同时分别在90℃、100℃的条件下进行热风干燥实验对比,研究了不同干燥方法蔗渣的干燥特性,计算了不同实验条件下的有效水分扩散系数。结果表明：整个干燥过程,微波干燥相对于热风干燥时间缩短了80％以上;热风干燥、微波干燥蔗渣的平均绝干含水量分剐为7．56％、0．98％;在实验条件范围内,微波干燥过程内部水分扩散速度较热风干燥速度要大。