蔗渣浆TCF漂白中段废水处理的工程实践

介绍了蔗渣浆全无氯漂白(TCF,采用OQPo漂序)中段废水的处理,对各主要流程的处理效果进行了监测;并用气相色谱-质谱分析仪(GC-MS)对终段出水有机物进行检测。结果表明,TCF漂白工艺是一种清洁漂白技术,且废水处理流程设计合理,运行稳定可靠,出水达到GB3544—2008制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准的要求。     

蔗渣水解提取低聚木糖的初步研究

采用高温水预水解的方式提取蔗渣中的低聚木糖。利用正交实验,以水解最高温度、液比和保温时间为主要因素,优化了提取工艺条件。采用由Douglas比色法改进的双波长技术,实现对总糖、戊糖和己糖含量的同时测定。结果表明,水解最高温度对蔗渣水预水解提取低聚木糖的影响最大,其次是液比和保温时间。蔗渣水预水解提取低聚木糖的最佳条件为：水解最高温度160℃,液比1∶8,保温时间120 min;在此条件下,低聚木糖得率为17.0%。     

非木材原料碱法蒸煮中甲醇产生机理的研究 第二部分 甲醇的产生历程

研究了蔗渣、芦苇和荻在烧碱-蒽醌法蒸煮过程中产生甲醇的历程。实验结果表明,3种原料的甲醇产生历程明显不同。蔗渣和芦苇在蒸煮开始时甲醇产生速率较慢;随着蒸煮的进行和温度的升高（蔗渣高于90℃、芦苇高于105℃）,甲醇的产生速率迅速增大;蒸煮最高温度下保温时,甲醇产生速率又变慢。荻在烧碱-蒽醌法蒸煮中,甲醇产生历程可分为甲醇快速产生段和甲醇慢速产生段,当温度由50℃升至160℃时,甲醇产生量呈线性增大;之后,甲醇产生速率减慢。3种原料在105℃时的甲醇产生量均为总甲醇产生量的40%~50%。     

端氨基蔗渣纤维素对水中重金属离子微污染吸附的研究进展

在重金属污染日益严重的今天,重金属污染的治理已经越来越受到广泛的关注。纤维素分子含有大量的羟基,但天然纤维素吸附能力并不好,通过化学改性后可成为性能良好的吸附剂。纤维素无污染、易生物降解、且来源广泛价格低廉,对其研究已成为该领域的热点,并已被广泛应用于重金属污染治理领域。超支化聚合物大分子作为一类制备工艺并不繁琐且容易得到树状高分子聚合物,其最大特点就是准球形的分子结构及末端官能团的可控性,其研究愈加受到关注。本文在文献综述的基础上,提出合成一种含有端氨基超支化合物结构的蔗渣改性重金属吸附剂的可行性技术设想。     

喀什甜石榴与会理青皮石榴品质及抗氧化 活性的比较

目的比较了新疆喀什甜石榴和四川会理青皮石榴两个品种的果实品质和抗氧化活性。方法测定了这两个石榴品种的品质、糖酸含量、总花色素苷、总酚及其抗氧化能力。结果新疆喀什甜石榴的可溶性固形物含量、籽粒色饱和度、苹果酸含量、总花色素苷含量和总酚含量均高于四川会理青皮石榴;而四川会理青皮石榴的葡萄糖含量和果糖含量则高于喀什甜石榴;喀什甜石榴和会理青皮石榴籽粒的总抗氧化能力分别为211.25 U和178.97 U;DPPH自由基清除率分别为0.87和0.82;石榴籽粒中抗氧化活性分别与总酚、总花色素苷呈正相关。结论 两个石榴品种在果实品质和抗氧化活性方面各有特点,这为石榴品种的品质评价和果实加工利用提供了参考依据。     

基于ANN的糖厂蒸发工段的建模

研究了人工神经网络技术在糖厂多效蒸发过程建模中应用的可行性,采用误差反向传播网络(BP网)建立了一效、二效汁汽压力P1、P2和出口糖浆的锤度C5之间的两输入单输出神经网络模型,借助MATLAB7.0加以实现。仿真试验证明了该模型的有效性,并为进一步实现多效蒸发过程的智能控制奠定了基础。     

Porcine pancreatic lipase immobilized on polysiloxane–polyvinyl alcohol hybrid matrix: catalytic properties and feasibility to mediate synthesis of surfactants and biodiesel

Polysiloxane–polyvinyl alcohol hybrid matrix was prepared by a sol–gel technique and its capacity to bind porcine pancreatic lipase investigated. The loading of 250 units g^?1 support was shown to be effective, resulting in an immobilized lipase with high catalytic activity. Both free and immobilized lipases were characterized by determining the activity profile as a function of pH, temperature, substrate concentration and thermal stability. Application of the immobilized lipase in non‐conventional biocatalysis for the synthesis of surfactants and biodiesel was also analyzed. Production of sugar fatty acid esters was found to be dependent on the carbohydrate and the highest molar conversion (50% in 3–4 h of reaction) was achieved for substrates containing fructose and lauric or oleic acids. Biodiesel synthesis from babassu oil and ethanol, propanol or butanol was feasible and regardless of the kind of alcohols, results revealed that the immobilized PPL could efficiently convert triglycerides to fatty acid alkyl esters attaining yields varying from 75 to 95%. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Application of microchip electrophoresis for clinical tests

Microchip electrophoresis has recently attracted much attention in the field of nuclear acid analysis due to its high efficiency, ease of operation, low consumption of samples and reagents, and relatively low costs. In addition, the analysis has expanded to analytical fields, including the analysis not only of DNA but also of RNA, proteins, sugar chains, cellular functions, etc. In this paper we describe the creation of high‐performance monitoring systems for human blood glucose levels and α‐amylase activity in human plasma using microchip electrophoresis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 177(1): 19–25, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21158     

Chemical Synthesis and Enzymatic Testing of CMP‐Sialic Acid Derivatives

The cycloSal approach has been used in the past for the synthesis of a range of phosphorylated bioconjugates. In those reports, cycloSal nucleotides were allowed to react with different phosphate nucleophiles. With glycopyranosyl phosphates as nucleophiles, diphosphate‐linked sugar nucleotides were formed. Here, cycloSal‐nucleotides were used to prepare monophosphate‐linked sugar nucleotides successfully in high anomeric purity and high chemical yield. The method was successfully used for the synthesis of three nucleotide glycopyranoses as model compounds. The method was then applied to the syntheses of CMP‐N‐acetyl‐neuraminic acids (CMP‐Neu5NAc) and of four derivatives with different modifications at their amino functions (N‐propanoyl, N‐butanoyl, N‐pentanoyl and N‐cyclopropylcarbonyl). The compounds were used for initial enzymatic studies with a bacterial polysialyltransferase (polyST). Surprisingly, the enzyme showed marked differences in terms of utilisation of the four derivatives. The N‐propanoyl, N‐butanoyl, and N‐pentanoyl derivatives were efficiently used in a first transfer with a fluorescently labelled trisialo‐acceptor. However, elongation of the resulting tetrasialo‐acceptors worsened progressively with the size of the N‐acyl chain. The N‐pentanoyl derivative allowed a single transfer, leading to a capped tetramer. The N‐cyclopropylcarbonyl derivative was not transferred.     

Modified Kraft Pulping of Bagasse: Infrared Spectroscopy of Lignin

Abstract

The infrared spectroscopy of precipitated lignin from waste black liquors of bagasse pulping with kraft sulfite pulping process was investigated. Also the effect of anthraquinon and methanol addition in the soda, kraft and kraft-sulfite pulping liquor on the infrared specra of the precipitated lignin was studied. The presence of methanol in the pulping liquor causes an increase in the degradation as well as increase in the carboxylic group in the precipitated lignin. Also, the phenolic hydroxyl group in case of kraft lignin is higher than soda lignin. Presence of sulfite in the kraft-sulfite pulping liquor produces lignin hydroxyl groups.