华北电厂源对北京及周边地区SO_2影响

采用MM5、Models-3/CMAQ耦合模型系统,模拟了河北、天津、山西、内蒙古4省市电厂源排放对北京及周边地区SO2质量浓度影响.模拟结果表明,电厂源对华北地区SO2年均贡献质量浓度高值多出现在电厂密集、污染物排放量大的地区,且从南到北呈递减趋势,北京城区、北京全市1月月均贡献质量浓度分别为7.63和7.13μg/m3,4月分别为5.54和5.37μg/m3,7月分别为3.02和3.68μg/m3,10月分别为7.49和7.53μg/m3,年均贡献质量浓度分别为5.92和5.93μg/m3,其中日均最大贡献质量浓度出现在1月,为30.1和19.1μg/m3,分别占国家空气质量二级标准的20.1%和12.7%.研究表明,华北地区电厂源排放对北京市SO2空气质量影响是不能忽视的,能够促使和加剧北京市的大气环境污染.     

高含硫气藏中元素硫沉积形态和微观分布研究

元素硫沉积是高含硫气藏开采过程中存在而又必须解决的难题之一.随着高含硫气藏储层压力不断下降,元素硫溶解度也不断下降,一旦元素硫溶解度低于元素硫含量,元素硫就会从地层中沉积下来.沉积的元素硫会堵塞地层孔隙,降低渗透率,严重影响气井产能.为了研究元素硫在地层中的沉积形态和沉积特征,利用自主设计的实验流程和实验方法,使TD5-1井高含硫气体通过岩芯,并降低压力让元素硫在岩芯中沉积下来,然后对沉积了元素硫的岩芯进行电镜扫描和能谱分析,首次得到了元素硫在岩芯中的沉积形态,即元素硫主要以膜状形式分布在岩芯孔隙壁面上.该研究结果为深入认识、掌握元素硫沉积规律以及指导高含硫气藏合理开发奠定了基础.     

用煤气还原冶炼烟气中SO_2制取硫磺的工艺研究

以煤气为还原气,以Fe为活性金属催化还原冶炼烟气中SO2制取硫磺,研究了反应温度、反应时间、气配比及金属铁含量等对SO2还原成S单质的影响.结果表明:对SO2催化还原生成单质硫产率而言,最佳的反应温度为400℃,最佳气配比为0.75(即煤气:SO2烟气流量=30誜40).催化剂中金属Fe的最佳含量为14%,当反应温度为400℃时,14%Fe/Al2O3催化还原SO2反应的转化率为96.31%,生成单质硫选择性达到85.06%,而硫的产率为81.92%.所制硫磺色泽均匀,为淡黄色,纯度高达99%.     

脱硫石膏－粉煤灰活性掺合料设计及水化特性

针对电厂两大工业废渣--烟气脱硫石膏及粉煤灰,通过试验研发用于混凝土的活性复合矿物掺合料.以适当比例复合后的脱硫石膏及粉煤灰等量取代水泥掺入到水泥砂浆中,通过活性激发措施,以胶砂流动度、早期强度以及强度发展规律等作为控制指标探索脱硫石膏及粉煤灰的最优配比,同时通过微细观结构的SEM观测评价脱硫石膏-粉煤灰活性矿物掺合料在水泥基材料中的作用效应.结果表明,脱硫石膏及粉煤灰以1:2的比例复合等量取代水泥30%掺入水泥砂浆中,可获得较为优异的胶砂流动度、早期强度,而后期强度能赶上甚至超过基准水泥胶砂;SEM表明由于脱硫石膏及其它外加组分的活性激发效应,粉煤灰的活性得到有效激发,早期有明显的钙矾石生成.脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合矿物掺合料的研发可大量消纳燃煤电厂的工业废渣,且在水泥基材料体系中具有优异的水化及低成本特性,具有显著的"绿色"效应,符合中国"可持续发展"的战略要求.     

公路面层脱硫石膏—粉煤灰混凝土试验研究与应用

脱硫石膏和粉煤灰按比例混合后,掺入适量改性剂复合而成一种新型活性矿物掺合料,并制备C30～C40脱硫石膏-粉煤灰混凝土,试验研究其主要技术性能。结果表明,脱硫石膏-粉煤灰按质量比例掺入30%以上,混凝土不离析、不泌水,施工和易性优于普通混凝土;力学性能满足公路面层设计要求;180d干缩率小于450×10-6、磨耗量仅为标准限值的60%左右,抗冻等级大于D300。脱硫石膏-粉煤灰混凝土成功应用于常德桃花源-花岩溪旅游公路路面试验段施工,社会经济和环保效益显著。     

粉煤灰-脱硫石膏水泥基材料水化活性及微结构

采用DTA—TG、XRD、SEM以及宏观水化收缩和强度试验等手段研究了粉煤灰一脱硫石膏一水泥三元复合胶凝体系的水化过程、活性效应及微观结构等,根据试验结果总结了复合胶凝材料的水化动力学过程。结果表明,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石的钙矾石吸热峰强于基准样;在各组分相互活性激发和外掺激发剂作用下,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石中2次水化效应明显;SEM、XRD表明水泥石早期有明显的钙矾石生成,同时粉煤灰颗粒的表面侵蚀现象明显,进一步说明复合胶凝体系的早期活性得到有效激发,硬化后综合性能得到有效保证。且宏观收缩及强度试验也从侧面印证了微观试验结果。粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥基复合胶凝材料体系的研发可大量消耗燃煤电厂的工业废渣,具有显著的“绿色”效应。     

Sulfur-Tolerant NOx Storage Traps: An Infrared and Thermodynamic Study of the Reactions of Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Metal Sulfates

The sulfur tolerance of a barium-containing NO_x storage/reduction trap was investigated using infrared analysis. It was confirmed that barium carbonate could be replaced by barium sulfate by reaction with low concentrations of sulfur dioxide (50 ppm) in the presence of large concentrations of carbon dioxide (10%) at temperatures up to 700 °C. These sulfates could at least be partially removed by switching to hydrogen-rich conditions at elevated temperatures. Thermodynamic calculations were used to evaluate the effects of gas composition and temperature on the various reactions of barium sulfate and carbonate under oxidizing and reducing conditions. These calculations clearly showed that if, under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, carbon dioxide is included as a reactant and barium carbonate as a product then barium sulfate can be removed by reaction with carbon dioxide at a much lower temperature than is possible by decomposition to barium oxide. It was also found that if hydrogen sulfide was included as a product of decomposition of barium sulfate instead of sulfur dioxide then the temperature of reaction could be significantly lowered. Similar calculations were conducted using a selection of other alkaline-earth and alkali metals. In this case calculations were simulated in a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide with partial pressures similar to those encountered in real exhausts during switches to rich conditions. The results indicated that there are metals such as lithium and strontium with less stable sulfates than barium, which may also possess sufficient NO_x storage capacity to give sulfur-tolerant NO_x traps.     

Sulfur deactivation and regeneration of Pt/BaO/Al2O3 and Pt/SrO/Al2O3 NO x storage catalysts

Transient experiments were performed to study sulfur deactivation and regeneration of Pt/BaO/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SrO/Al₂O₃ NO _x storage catalysts. It was found that the strontium-based catalysts are more easily regenerated than the barium-based catalysts and that a higher fraction of the NO _x storage sites are regenerated when H₂ is used in combination with CO₂ compared to H₂ only.     

WLSP852型微量硫分析仪在原料气分析中的应用

介绍WLSP852微量硫分析仪成功取代陈旧的汞量法用于原料气硫分析。不仅能准确分析进口管线、气液离器、加氢转化炉等位号硫的总含量，还能分别测定各种形态硫的含量。     

壳牌煤气化配套硫回收工艺方案的选择

对壳牌煤气化合成气处理技术进行了分析，总结了从粗煤气中脱除的酸性气的特点。对硫回收技术的8种工艺方案从H2S浓度要求、生产能力、环保、投资和运行费用方面进行了对比，指出了壳牌煤气化硫回收工艺方案的选择要领。