伊朗TABNAK区块的钻井与固井技术

伊朗TABNAK区块地层含泥页岩、盐水、石膏且层间压力系数变化大，钻井中常出现页岩垮塌、井漏、缩径等井下复杂情况，固井中易出现水泥浆返高不足、注替效率极低等。针对钻井及固井难题，采用先进的钻井工艺、合理的钻井介质，并结合优化钻具组合和钻头选型等钻井技术措施，成功地解决了钻进中遇到的严重井漏、缩径、井涌等复杂情况，实现了安全快速钻进。通过优化水泥浆体系，采用合理简便的固井工艺技术，成功地解决了大尺寸井眼、低压漏失井的固井难题，提高了固井质量优质率。所介绍的TABNAK区块采用的钻井和固井技术，对类似地层情况的其他区块钻井和固井工作具有一定的指导作用。     

影响调整井固井质量的主要因素及计算方法

油田开发已进入高含水后期，调整井数量越来越多，长期的注水开发，使地层结构遭到严重破坏，调整井固井质量受到严重影响。针对井径扩大率、钻井液性能、水泥浆密度、地层孔隙压力和孔隙流体渗流速度等影响调整井固井质量的主要因素进行了分析，并建立了地层孔隙压力和孔隙流体渗流速度的计算方法。结果表明：随着井径扩大率、钻井液密度、黏度、失水量的增大，调整井固井优质率降低；地层孔隙压力越大，孔隙流体渗流速度超过临界渗流速度时，调整井固井质量变差；建立的地层孔隙压力和孔隙流体渗流速度的计算方法能准确地预测地层孔隙压力和孔隙流体渗流速度，为提高调整井固井质量提供可靠的依据。     

浅谈聚苯板薄抹灰外保温施工中的技术问题

介绍了外墙保温的应用情况及其结构形式，并对聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温体系存在的问题进行了分析阐述，最后对施工中应采取的技术措施进行了论述，并提出几点建议。     

浅谈机制砂的研究与应用

介绍了国内外机制砂的应用情况,通过相关试验的研究,得出机制砂含量对水泥拌合物性能的影响,论述了机制砂的技术要求,通过应用实例验证了机制砂的可行性。     

水泥粉喷桩施工工艺及质量控制

结合工程实例，阐述了水泥粉喷桩施工的工艺流程及要点，并总结了施工时的质量控制重点及质量检测措施，实践证明：粉喷桩处理软基是一种行之有效的手段，可收到良好的技术经济效果。     

套管水泥环刚度与强度对抗挤性能影响分析

油气井固井水泥环的作用就是减小和改善套管的受力状况，延长套管的使用寿命。套管水泥环组合体在一定的外挤压力作用下，均有可能进入屈服状态或发生强度破坏，而水泥环弹性模量、泊松比及其几何参数均表现为组合体刚度对抗挤性能的影响，所以在套管抗挤性能分析中，应该同时考虑组合体刚度以及套管、水泥环的强度对组合体抗挤性能的影响。文章根据厚壁筒弹塑性力学理论，建立了组合体刚度以及套管、水泥环强度对抗挤性能影响的控制方程，揭示了套管、水泥环强度及组合体刚度对抗挤性能的影响规律，得到套管水泥环组合体抗挤性能控制图。在均匀外挤压力作用下，套管、水泥环的强度将确定组合体抗挤性能的刚度控制区，在组合体刚度控制区内，水泥环对套管抗挤强度的提高程度取决于组合体刚度控制线斜率，在套管钢级和壁厚一定条件下，提高水泥环材料弹性模量，增大组合体刚度控制线斜率，可以提高套管水泥环组合体的抗挤性能。     

An acousto-ultrasonic approach for the determination of water-to-cement ratio in concrete

A novel nondestructive procedure for the evaluation of water-to-cement (w/c) ratio in concrete is presented. The experimental setup is based on the method of acousto-ultrasonics; data analysis, however, and recognition of concrete composition from the waveform transmitted through specimen thickness, are achieved by simple time and frequency domain schemes used in this work. Experiments were performed in a number of concrete specimens made at various w/c ratios and at a number of ages starting from 2 up to 90 days. Recognition results were satisfactory and the algorithm introduced was successful in identifying the correct w/c ratio in more than 90% of the test cases. The use of existing spectral analysis techniques such as the coherence function has also proved to be more efficient and fits the purpose. The possibility of water content determination in fresh paste is also discussed along with preliminary evidence from initial tests.     

Investigation of the microstructure of alkali-activated cements by neutron scattering

Significant research has been devoted to understanding and modeling the neutron scattering behavior of Portland cement pastes. The present work examines the potential of neutron scattering to noninvasively evaluate the properties of alternative cementitious materials encountered in the field. To interpret the scattering of both alkali-activated and slag-cement systems, alternative models to those typically adopted for Portland cement pastes were considered. Investigation of alkali-activated and slag-cement coupons were conducted for different sample thickness (∼0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 mm) over a wide scattering vector (Q) range (0.0005<Q>0.03 nm⁻¹ and 0.04<Q>4 nm⁻¹) on both ultra (USANS) and conventional small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectrometers. This wide Q range allowed determination of the fractal properties of the microstructure as well as the radius of the main scattering particle in the material. An empirical correction for multiple scattering was made based on the Dexter-Beeman equation and demonstrated that for thicker sample widths the theory correlated reasonably well. Alkali-activated fly ash was found to have the largest R value while the OPC and slag mix exhibited the largest Guinier radius. This difference was attributed to variations in the extent of multiple scattering for the samples. Successful application of this model was limited to sample thickness ≥1 mm. A combined power law-Sabine expression was also utilized to successfully model the SANS data over a Q range of 0.04-4 nm⁻¹.     

超细水泥用于油田堵水技术

对超细水泥的粒度分布及在45℃下的初，终凝时间和抗压强度，流变性，稳定性进行了实验研究，指出了超细水泥粒度小，稳定性高，塑性粘度及动切力低，可用于现场堵水，报废油层作业，为满足现场要求，必须加入相配伍的缓凝剂，并控制初，终凝时间在4－10h之内，超细水泥用于堵水作业的最佳配比1．3：1．0的水泥浆＋2％的添加剂，最后，介绍了现场应用情况。     

我国天然活性水泥混合材的开发利用

对我国已经开发利用的１３种天然活性水泥混合材的应用效果作了比较全面的评述，并列举了应用实例。