胜利褐煤二硫化碳-丙酮萃取物的超临界醇解物的GC/MS分析

胜利褐煤经CS2-丙酮混合溶剂(V/V=1 1)萃取获得萃取物EM,EM在300℃的甲醇中热溶2 h获得热溶物ET.对EM和ET进行了气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析,在EM中有43种GC/MS可检测组分,而在ET中检测到了132种有机化合物,其中包括32种在EM中未检测到的甲酯类化合物(MAs)和16种酚类化合物.分析了MAs和酚类化合物的形成机理,得出了胜利褐煤CS2-丙酮可溶大分子化合物中可能存在的4种结构单元.本文提供了一种研究煤中可溶大分子化合物的有效方法,弥补了GC/MS在检测大分子化合物时的不足.     

超临界乙醇制备TiO_2/石墨烯纳米复合材料及其表征

以氧化石墨为载体、钛酸异丙酯为前驱体,利用超临界乙醇的超临界性能和还原性,制得了晶型完善的锐钛矿TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对采用Hummers法制得的氧化石墨(GO)进行表征;同时利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料进行研究。结果表明:成功制得了氧化石墨(GO)和晶型完善的锐钛矿TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料,并且发现二氧化钛在石墨烯纳米片层上呈现为有规则的颗粒,分散均匀,平均粒径为8.24nm。     

Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted fabrication of biomimetic sodium alginate/silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds

In this study, biomimetic sodium alginate (SA)/silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds were successfully fabricated by supercritical CO₂ technology. The SA/SF scaffolds exhibited an interconnected porous and extracellular matrix (ECM)-like nanofibrous structures. Moreover, the SA microparticles were embedded in the SF scaffolds. Increasing the content of SA microparticles could improve tensile strength and compressive strength of the SF scaffolds and reduce the porosity of the SF scaffolds. The addition of the SA microparticles could also regulate the degradation rate of the SA/SF scaffolds. Furthermore, the results of in vitro biocompatibility evaluation, indicated that the SA/SF scaffolds exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity and higher cell adhesion ability and were more favorable for L929 fibroblasts proliferation than pure SF scaffolds. Therefore, the SA/SF scaffolds with ECM-like nanofibrous and interconnected porous structure have potential application in skin tissue engineering.     

聚乳酸/聚氨酯复合多孔材料制备及吸油性能研究

以聚乳酸（PLA）为基体,添加不同含量聚氨酯（TPU）熔融共混制备具有不同相形态的PLA/TPU共混物,基于超临界二氧化碳（scCO₂）微孔发泡工艺,研究不同发泡温度下PLA/TPU复合多孔材料泡孔结构、发泡倍率和开孔率对样品吸油性能的影响。结果表明,随着TPU含量从10 %（质量分数,下同）增加到50 %,共混物从典型的“海?岛”相形态转变为部分共连续相形态,PLA基体黏弹性提升,结晶能力下降;PLA70组分发泡后泡孔结构更为均匀,随着发泡温度的增加,泡孔尺寸和发泡倍率先增大后减小,在94 ℃发泡温度下发泡样品发泡倍率达到29.1倍,最大开孔率75 %;TPU的加入显著增加了PLA基体的弹性回复能力,94 ℃发泡温度下的发泡样品具有最大的抗压强度,永久形变量最小;针对硅油和环己烷的吸油测试发现对硅油的吸油量大于环己烷,发泡材料的吸油量与发泡倍率和开孔率的乘积成正比,针对硅油单次最大吸油量为10.4 g/g。     

超超临界给水自启停控制系统方案设计与分析

为了使得火电机组启动停止过程中操作更精准、能源更节约,提出一种给水系统自启停功能的设计方案并对其进行全面分析,还进一步提出给水系统与模拟量控制系统全程控制的接口问题.对贯穿机组运行的整个过程的全程给水过程的功能组进行划分并对各个功能组的功能进行介绍.针对给水系统自启停控制过程的特点和难点,对全程给水在升负荷阶段中自动并/退泵与干湿态转换进行全面分析并提出了特殊的控制策略,最终实现从点火至满负荷过程中的全程自动控制.     

前馈和积分分离在超临界机组协调控制的应用

介绍了静态前馈的线性关系和动态前馈控制技术。针对华电潍坊发电有限公司2×670MW超临界机组协调控制的特点,论述了超临界机组协调控制中的锅炉指令、燃料指令、给水指令和燃料发热量（BTU）校正的要点。分析了积分分离的应用效果。     

超临界直流锅炉冷态空气动力场研究

针对四角切圆锅炉水平烟道上普遍存在烟温偏差的情况,在河北国华定洲发电厂新建锅炉开展了冷态空气动力场试验,重点研究炉膛出口烟气流速分布情况。试验证明,通过调整分离燃尽风（SOFA）喷嘴的角度,能有效改变炉膛出口气流的分布,保证左、右烟气流速均匀,可满足锅炉正常运行的要求。     

基于微纳电离的有毒有害气体传感器

为了有效避免有害气体浓度的超标对经济效益和人类生命财产安全造成损害,提出并设计了一种新型检测方法,通过对微纳电离型传感器进行一系列的测试,设计的传感器展现了较强的抗弯能力及较快的响应-恢复能力。在室温常压、相对湿度75%的实验条件下,对多个浓度的苯、甲苯气体展开了测试,并基于特征噪声强度识别气体的浓度,构建了对应的识别模型。实验结果表明：传感器对有害气体检测时的测量值和真实值的拟合度可达99%以上,体现了较高的检测精度,且在检测有害气体时传感器处于可逆电离平衡状态,重复性良好,不需要进行预热、安全无毒,因此适合于应用到苯类气体的检测中,能够满足效率、精度的要求,具备了一定的实用性。     

Prospects of Supercritical Fluids in Realizing Graphene‐Based Functional Materials

Supercritical‐fluids science and technology predate all the approaches that are currently established for graphene production by several decades in advanced materials design. However, it has only recently been proposed as a plausible approach for graphene processing. Since then, supercritical fluids have emerged into contention as an alternative to existing technologies because of their scalability and versatility in processing graphene materials, which include composites, aerogels, and foams. Here, an overview is presented of such materials prepared through supercritical fluids from an advanced materials science standpoint, with a discussion on their fundamental properties and technological applications. The benefits of supercritical‐fluid processing over conventional liquid‐phase processing are presented. The benefits include not only better performances for advanced applications but also environmental issues associated with the synthesis process. Nevertheless, the limitations of supercritical‐fluid processing are also stressed, along with challenges that are still faced toward the achievement of the great expectations from graphene materials.     

PuO2含量对MOX燃料组件物理特性的影响

当超临界水冷堆组件采用铀与钚的氧化物混合而成的MOX燃料时,与普通UO_2燃料相比其中子学特性存在差异。为了研究PuO_2含量对组件物理特性的影响,采用蒙特卡罗方法计算得到了不同PuO_2含量时MOX燃料物理特性参数,包括俘获裂变比、总微观裂变截面、燃料每次裂变平均释放的能量、每次裂变释放的中子数及有效裂变中子数。进一步得到了装载不同含量PuO_2时MOX燃料组件特性参数,包括能谱、Keff、相对功率、相对功率峰值和缓发中子份额。研究结果对MOX燃料组件的设计有一定参考价值。