Novel and Ideal Zirconium-Based Dense Membrane Reactors for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas

A novel and ideal dense catalytic membrane reactor for the reaction of partial oxidation of methane to syngas (POM) was constructed from the stable mixed conducting perovskite material of BaCo_0.4Fe_0.4Zr_0.2O_3– and the catalyst of LiLaNiO/-Al₂O₃. The POM reaction was performed successfully. Not only was a short induction period of 2 h obtained, but also a high catalytic performance of 96–98% CH₄ conversion, 98–99% CO selectivity and an oxygen permeation flux of 5.4–5.8 mlcm^–2min^–1 (1.9–2.0 molm^–2S^–1Pa^–1) at 850°C were achieved. Moreover, the reaction has been steadily carried out for more than 2200 h, and no interaction between the membrane material and the catalyst took place.     

IGCC燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机运行性能优化

天津IGCC是中国第一座整体煤气化联合循环电站。系统中燃气轮机的燃料为气化炉产生的热值较低的合成气,作为国内第一台应用于IGCC技术的燃气轮机,在运行过程中存在着合成气热值与设计值偏差大、烧嘴过热、燃烧室偏烧等问题。针对存在的问题,首先介绍了IGCC电站燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机与普通燃气轮机在燃料、燃烧方式、燃烧器结构等方面的区别;然后结合实际运行参数分析,重点对存在的问题提出性能优化方案及措施。对燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机后续发展具有一定的借鉴意义。     

IGCC电站控制系统工程应用及示范

以国内250 MW级IGCC电站为研究对象,根据电站的运行特性和控制要求,介绍了协调控制系统的设计、系统的基本组成、负荷指令以及气化炉和燃机的控制策略。提出了气化炉控制为主、燃机/汽机跟随的负荷控制方案,现场运行结果表明,该方案简捷有效,完全能够满足IGCC机组的控制要求。     

MnOx promotional effects on olefins synthesis directly from syngas over bimetallic Fe‐MnOx/SiO2 catalysts

The direct synthesis of lower olefins via the Fischer‐Tropsch reaction (FTO) has been performed over a series of Fe‐MnO_x/SiO₂ catalysts. The addition of MnO_x could improve the dispersion of iron species, and promote the reduction of iron oxide during the activation and subsequent carburization. Moreover, the results of characterization demonstrated that MnO_x could enhance the surface basicity of the catalysts due to electronic effects and promote the formation of iron carbides. For the first time, the intrinsic power‐law kinetics for FTO was obtained for both Fe₂₀/SiO₂ and Fe₂₀‐Mn₁/SiO₂ catalysts. Kinetic parameters and structure characterizations indicated that MnO_x could facilitate the CO dissociation on the catalyst surface, thus enhancing the adsorption strength and capacity of surface carbonaceous intermediates. The weak hydrogenation of carbonaceous species would boost the selectivities toward lower olefins. Finally, a plausible mechanism for FTO, involving the promotional effects of MnO_x on Fe, has been proposed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4451–4464, 2017     

Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of RWGS processes for solar syngas production from CO2

Process systems were investigated for syngas production from CO₂ and renewable energy (solar) by the reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) and the reverse water‐gas shift chemical looping (RWGS‐CL) process. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization was performed to maximize the solar‐to‐syngas (StS) efficiency η_StS. Special emphasis was laid on product gas separation. For RWGS‐CL, maximum StS efficiencies of 14.2 and 14.4% were achieved without and with heat integration, respectively. The StS efficiency is dictated by the low overall efficiency of H₂ production. RWGS‐CL is most beneficial for the production of pure CO, where the StS efficiency is one percent point higher compared to that of the RWGS process with heat integration. Heat integration leads to significant reductions in external heat demand since most of the gas phase process heat can be integrated. The StS efficiencies for RWGS and RWGS‐CL achieve the same level as the reported values for solar thermochemical syngas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 15–22, 2017     

壳牌煤气化工艺流程中合成气反吹系统方案优化的探讨

介绍壳牌煤气化工艺流程中的合成气反吹系统的反吹介质可由洗涤后的粗合成气改为高温高压氮气。改造后 ,出气化装置的合成气组分既可满足下游装置的工艺要求 ,又可节省大量的工程投资     

Mg调变Ni基催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

在固定床流动反应装置上考察了不同反应条件对Ｍｇ调变Ｎｉ基催化剂反应性能的影响。当催化剂床层径高比约为２,空速２０×１０５ｈ－１,床层最高温度９４０℃,Ｖ（ＣＨ４）／Ｖ（Ｏ２）＝２０时,甲烷转化率９７％,ＣＯ选择性９８％,Ｈ２选择性接近１００％。５００ｈ的稳定性考察结果表明,甲烷转化率大于９０％,ＣＯ及Ｈ２选择性均大于９５％。反应后的催化剂经ＳＥＭ分析没观察到积炭。     

煤制合成气脱砷技术及净化剂的研究开发

本文介绍了煤制合成气脱砷技术及脱砷剂的开发及工业应用结果。试验表明, TAS-02 型脱砷剂适用于高水汽比、高CO水煤气气氛的脱砷净化, 稳定性良好, 有较高的砷容和脱砷净化效果。     

Hydrogen-rich syngas production and carbon dioxide formation using aqueous urea solution in biogas steam reforming by thermodynamic analysis

Biogas is a renewable biofuel that contains a lot of CH₄ and CO₂. Biogas can be used to produce heat and electric power while reducing CH₄, one of greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, it has been getting increasing academic attention. There are some application ways of biogas; biogas can produce hydrogen to feed a fuel cell by reforming process. Urea is also a hydrogen carrier and could produce hydrogen by steam reforming. This study then employes steam reforming of biogas and compares hydrogen-rich syngas production and carbon dioxide with various methane concentrations using steam and aqueous urea solution (AUS) by Thermodynamic analysis. The results show that the utilization of AUS as a replacement for steam enriches the production of H₂ and CO and has a slight CO₂ rise compared with pure biogas steam reforming at a temperature higher than 800 °C. However, CO₂ formation is less than the initial CO₂ in biogas. At the reaction temperature of 700 °C, carbon formation does not occur in the reforming process for steam/biogas ratios higher than 2. These conditions led to the highest H₂, CO production, and reforming efficiency (about 125%). The results can be used as operation data for systems that combine biogas reforming and applied to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which usually operates between 700 °C to 900 °C to generate electric power in the future.     

吸附相反应技术制备Cu基催化剂在甲醇合成第一步反应中的活性

采用吸附相反应技术(APRT)制备了Cu基催化剂,并用XRD、HRTEM、H₂-TPR等表征手段进行了分析。结果表明催化剂中的Cu良好分散于载体表面,粒径在5～10 nm。在液相乙醇体系合成气制甲醇的反应中,该Cu基催化剂对第一步形成中间产物甲酸乙酯的催化活性远高于工业催化剂。APRT制备的催化剂与其他催化剂(包括工业催化剂)在液相合成气制甲醇的两步反应中表现出的显著差异,不仅说明APRT催化剂具有不同的结构特点,也表明甲酸乙酯的形成和进一步的加氢的活性位是不同的。