On the nature of catalyst promotion by manganese in CO hydrogenation to oxygenates over RhMn/NaY

CO hydrogenation over Mn promoted Rh/NaY catalysts was studied at 10 bar and 250°C. Significant selectivity to oxygenates, mainly ethanol and ethyl acetate, was obtained after neutralizing the protons that are formed during reduction of Rh ions. Layered bed experiments show that protons act as sites catalyzing secondary reactions. Protons also convert Mn(OH)₂ to Mn²⁺ ions; the catalysts with highest selectivity to oxygenates contain MnO particles and Rh clusters. The results suggest chemical interaction of adsorbates on Rh_n clusters with those on MnO.     

合成气直接合成二甲醚过程化学平衡分析

选用合适的热力学模型 ,对合成气直接合成二甲醚的反应进行了化学平衡分析。主要考察了反应温度、压力和原料组成等因素对化学平衡的影响。通过分析 ,获得了该过程更深入的反应热力学规律 ,为二甲醚合成过程反应器的模拟计算和研究开发提供了必要的理论依据     

Promotion and support effects in syngas reactions

A short review is presented on the problems of selectivity in the syngas reaction. Attention is mainly given to the role of promoters in these reactions. Several mechanisms of promotion are critically reviewed and analyzed.     

煤制乙醇技术与应用

介绍了目前正在开发和推广应用的几种合成气制乙醇技术,分析了这几条技术路线的技术经济。     

生物质在高频耦合等离子体中的热解气化研究

采用高频电容耦合等离子体热解技术对生物质原料进行了热解气化试验，研究气体产物产率、成分随反应条件的变化规律。反应在3000-8000Pa的真空范围内进行，热解温度为1000～2000K。该技术可大幅度提高生物质气的热值及产率，本试验中产气率达到了66％以上，并且还有提高的潜力。     

生物质合成气的化学当量比调整

针对生物质气化气中硫化物少、V（H2／CO）低和V（CO2）高的特点，采用气化炉内铁系高温变换催化剂和气化炉外钛促进的钴钼耐硫催化剂进行水煤气变换调整H2／CO比，添加部分沼气重整过量CO2，对生物质合成气化学当量比调整进行了实验研究。结果表明：气化炉内铁系催化剂调整效果不明显；在高温低硫的生物质气化气中，钛促进的钴钼耐硫催化剂具有较高的变换活性，CO转化率达到80％以上，合成气H2／CO比在1-8范围内可调；在V（CH4，CO2）=1、常压、750℃和镍基催化剂作用下沼气重整过量CO2，制备出宽V（H2／CO）、V（CO2）和V（CH4）均低于5％（摩尔百分比）的合成气；通过水煤气变换过程结合沼气重整过程，可依据目的产物合成的要求，制备合适化学当量比、高碳转化率的生物质合成气。     

Simulating novel gas turbine conditions for materials assessment: cascade design and operation

Integrated gasification combined cycles can incorporate pre-combustion carbon capture. High-H₂ syngas produces high H₂O levels after combustion, potentially accelerating gas turbine component damage. Determining materials systems’ suitability for this novel environment requires exposures in representative environments. Thus, an existing 0.7?MW burner rig was modified to generate the combustion environment and incorporate a cascade of 15 air-cooled turbine blades. Computational fluid dynamic calculations using blade dimensions and flow requirements supported the cascade design and determined blade placement within the gas flow. Trials of the modified unit have shown that a simulated combusted H₂-rich syngas composition was generated at gas temperatures ≤1440°C. A 1000?h exposure has been carried out with thermal barrier coated blades to demonstrate the operation of the unit.

This paper is part of a thematic issue on the 9th International Charles Parsons Turbine and Generator Conference. All papers have been revised and extended before publication in Materials Science and Technology.     

合成液体燃料的活性炭负载钴基催化剂的反应性能

在固定床等温积分反应器中,考察了活性炭负载钴基催化剂(Co/AC)的费托(F-T)合成反应性能,采用BET、H2-TPR和SEM等方法对Co/AC催化剂进行了表征。表征结果显示,Co/AC催化剂孔道属于微孔和中孔的混合结构,可用纯H2还原,还原温度选取350~400℃。实验结果表明,升高反应温度和反应压力、减小气态空速、增加原料气中H2与CO的摩尔比(H2/CO比),有利于提高CO的转化率;升高反应压力、降低反应温度、减小气态空速及原料气H2/CO比有利于高碳烃和高碳醇的生成。Co/AC催化剂用于F-T合成较优的工艺条件为:反应温度230℃,反应压力4.0M Pa,原料气H2/CO比2.00,气态空速2 000h-1。在该反应条件下,CO转化率为20.1%,CH4、低碳烃(C2~4)、高碳烃(C+5)、低碳醇(C1~5OH)及高碳醇(C+6OH)的选择性分别为19.1%,24.1%,36.5%,15.8%,4.5%。     

秸秆燃气合成甲醇的优化试验研究

以秸秆合成气为原料,在直流流动等温积分反应器中,使用国产C301铜基催化剂,在5 MPa压力下,进行催化合成甲醇的反应温度、秸秆合成气配比、合成气进口流量的优化试验研究.试验获得了玉米秸秆合成气合成甲醇的最佳反应条件,为生物质（秸秆）气制甲醇中试研究提供科学和实用的参考依据.     

煤基合成气一步法制二甲醚的宏观动力学

在内循环无梯度反应器中,温度220~260 ℃、空速1 000~3 000 h-1、压力5 MPa的条件下,研究了质量比为1∶1的混合型双功能催化剂上合成气一步法制二甲醚的宏观动力学,考察了温度、空速等条件对反应性能的影响。选取Langmuir-Hinshelwood双曲型动力学模型,采用麦夸特法对宏观动力学模型进行了参数估值,获得动力学模型的参数。统计检验和残差分析结果表明模型是适宜的。