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F. Staufenbiel G. Schiwietz K. Czerski M. Roth P.L. Grande 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2005,230(1-4):426-430
High resolution Auger-electron spectroscopy has been applied to the interaction of swift heavy ions with atomically clean metallic solids. Spectra have been taken for fast projectile electrons and for charge-state equilibrated ions at normal incidence on microcrystalline beryllium samples, Al(1 0 0) single crystals and several metallic glasses (Al87La7Ni5Zr1, Ni78B14Si8, Co66Si16B12Fe4Mo2). From the energy shift and from the Auger-line width we have extracted ion-track potentials and also electron temperatures inside ion tracks. A first determination of the angular distribution of multiple-ionization lines is presented as well. 相似文献
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Some sufficient conditions concerning stability of solutions of stochastic differential evolution equations with general decay rate are first proved. Then, these results are interpreted as suitable stabilization ones for deterministic and stochastic systems. Also, they permit us to construct appropriate linear stabilizers in some particular situations. 相似文献
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关于Razumikhin┐Type定理的衰变估计侯春海钱积新(浙江大学工业控制技术研究所、工业控制技术国家重点实验室310027杭州)关键词Razumikhin-Type定理,衰变估计.收稿日期1996-09-271引言在研究系统的稳定性过程中,专家... 相似文献
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A new kind of doped rare earth free phosphor Y2O2S∶xTi(0<x≤0.10) with doped Ti as activative center was synthesized by solid state reaction and sintered at 1200 ℃ for 2.5 h under reducing atmosphere. XRD patterns, photoluminescence spectra, time-resolved phosphorescence spectra and decay curves of the phosphor were investigated. XRD results reveal that a single Y2O2S phase exists with Ti content up to 6%(mol fraction). Yellow long lasting phosphorescence for present materials was observed in the dark with naked eye after the removal of the excitation light. From the time-resolved phosphorescence spectra the broad emission band centered at 565 nm was confirmed to be responsible for the long lasting phosphorescence which could maintain above 1 h. The possible mechanism responsible for the long lasting phosphorescence of the Y2O2S∶Ti phosphor was proposed. 相似文献
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The use of the laser beam‐induced current (LBIC) technique in photovoltaic devices is widespread, but its use in photoelectrochemical cells, such as dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), is limited due to the configuration of these devices. The main reason is the very slow response time of DSSCs in the decay process, and therefore LBIC scans take too long to perform. We have designed a procedure published in the literature to correct the photocurrent values obtained by the LBIC technique, based on an algorithm that uses a decreasing mono‐exponential model. This work presents a study of the decay measurements in DSSCs using several functions, in order to improve the algorithm designed. It concludes that functions such as a decreasing bi‐exponential or Becquerel function generate better fits to experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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由于采动荷载和爆破荷载对已有支护锚杆产生影响,因此迫切需要研究锚杆在动荷载作用下的微观力学特性及黏结性变化。从工程实际出发,现场监测锚杆工作状态下轴力变化和爆破荷载作用下锚杆周边围岩振动信息,并开展探索性室内试验。通过室内试验获得锚杆在轴向荷载作用下横向固有频率振动后的振动强度与工作龄期耦合作用下锚杆黏结性衰减规律的拟合计算式。研制了横向简谐荷载作用下端锚黏结式锚杆模型试验装置,采用均匀设计方法,考虑锚杆长度和锚杆直径两个影响因素,通过动态监测系统获得了横向简谐荷载作用下锚杆应力沿锚杆长度的分布规律、锚杆应力分布与拉拔力的关系,以及剪切应力与位移的关系。最终采用大型有限差分软件FLAC3D,建立了锚杆与围岩相互作用的力学模型。 相似文献
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Petroleum bitumen in the emulsified state is widely used as a binder in road and civil construction. Along with traditional quality parameters of bitumen emulsions the particle size is considered to be very important characteristic. The particle size of the dispersed phase affects the setting rate and viscosity of bitumen emulsions. The complete data on the particles size distribution can be obtained using such technical methods as light scattering and microscopy. In the study bitumen emulsions with three types of surfactants (cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic) have been prepared and their viscosity and decay index have been determined. The emulsions also have been studied with a microscope, as well as by the method of dynamic light scattering. The dynamics of particle size changes of the bitumen emulsions has been compared with the dynamics of the change in the basic parameters of the emulsions, such as viscosity and decay index, and the correlation between them has been found. Thus, using a modern laser and optical equipment, it is possible to estimate the quality of emulsions and, if necessary, to correct their composition. 相似文献
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Experimental analysis of the air velocity and contaminant dispersion of human exhalation flows
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Human exhalation flow is a potential source of pathogens that can constitute a cross‐infection risk to people in indoor environments. Thus, it is important to investigate the characteristics of this flow, its development, area of influence, and the diffusion of the exhaled contaminants. This paper uses phase‐averaged particle image velocimetry together with a tracer gas (CO2) to study two different exhalation flows over time: the exhalation of an average male (test M) and an average female (test F), using a life‐sized thermal manikin in a supine position. The exhalation jets generated for both tests are similar in terms of symmetrical geometry, vorticity values, jet opening angles, and velocity and concentration decays. However, there is a difference in the penetration length of the two flows throughout the whole exhalation process. There is also a time difference in reaching maximum velocity between the two tests. It is also possible to see that the tracer gas dispersion depends on the momentum of the jet so the test with the highest velocity decay shows the lowest concentration decay. All these results are of interest to better understand cross‐infection risk. 相似文献