聚合物基复合薄膜的高温储能性能研究进展

聚合物薄膜电容器具有功率密度大、安全性高、绝缘性好等优点而被广泛应用在工程领域。近年来,随着新能源交通、清洁能源并网、油气开采等领域对具有优异高温储能特性的介电薄膜电容器需求日益增加,高温、高电场等极限条件下介质薄膜电容器的储能受到越来越多的关注,相关研究已成为电工材料领域的研究热点。该文总结近年来有关聚合物基复合薄膜的高温储能研究进展。首先,介绍决定电介质材料高温储能特性的关键参数,分析高温、高电场对相关参数的影响规律;其次,梳理基于不同空间层次设计的聚合物薄膜高温储能特性优化研究现状,从分子结构、微观结构、介观结构3个方面总结高温储能性能的调控方法;最后,对进一步提升聚合物薄膜的高温储能性能做出展望。     

高频供电条件下的PCB定子盘式永磁电机绕组优化设计

PCB定子盘式永磁无铁心电机的定子采用印制电路板(printed circuit board,PCB)结构,其电机的损耗主要来源于绕组上的交流附加铜耗和直流铜耗,因此定子绕组的设计直接影响电机整体性能。针对应用在较高频率且工况稳定的PCB电机,该文提出一种新型分布式绕组。首先建立反电势、直流铜耗、交流附加铜耗和电阻的解析表达式,分析PCB电机的空载特性。其次,以提高电机的效率为目的,提出在绕组有效导体部分加入绝缘材料。对新型绕组进行优化找到最合适的导体线宽,然后根据有限元理论对比分析新型分布式绕组和已有绕组负载特性。结果表明新型绕组不仅可以降低总铜耗,提高电机效率,有效降低定子稳定温升,并且新型结构也不会影响电机输出性能。最后制作一台16极600W样机进行验证,对PCB定子盘式永磁电机设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of SiCnws on flexural strength of SiCf/HfC-SiC composites after impact and ablation

SiC nanowires (SiC_nws) modified SiC_f/HfC-SiC composites were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) methods. The microstructure, flexural strengths, impact and impact-ablation tests of the composites with and without SiC_nws were investigated. The results showed that after introducing SiC_nws, not only the retention rate of HfC ceramic produced by PIP was increased obviously, but also the fracture displacement of the modified composites was reduced due to the enhancement effect of SiC_nws at interface between SiC fiber and matrix. After impact and impact-ablation, the strength retention of SiC_nws modified composites was 91.6 % and 69.1 % respectively, higher than that of the composites without SiC_nws (85.2 % and 54.8 %). As the impact resistance of the modified composites was improved by the pull-out and bridging of SiC_nws, the ablation resistance of the impacted composites was enhanced as well.     

Design of Lu2O3-reinforced Cf/SiC-ZrB2-ZrC ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites: Wetting and interfacial reactivity by ZrSi2 based alloys

The wettability and infiltration of molten ZrSi₂ and ZrSi₂-Lu₂O₃ alloys into C_f/SiC and B₄C-infiltrated C_f/SiC composites were investigated to understand the interfacial interactions that occur during the development of C_f/SiC-ZrC and C_f/SiC-ZrB₂-ZrC-Lu₂O₃ materials. A significant evaporation of Si from the liquid affected the wetting behaviour of the alloy when tested in a vacuum at 1670 °C. The better wetting and spreading of the alloy over the surface was observed for the composites with lower overall porosity (12 %). On the other hand, the formation of an outer dense layer, followed up by the uniform infiltrated region up to ～ 1 mm was observed for the C_f/SiC with higher porosity (21 %). The infiltrated alloy reacted with SiC matrix to form ZrC or with B₄C-infiltrated SiC matrix to form ZrB₂-ZrC-SiC. The Lu₂O₃ particles were not wetted by the melt, and were pushed away of the reaction zone by the solidification front.     

Influence of starting powder choice on structure property relations in gadolinia stabilized zirconia 3Gd-TZP manufactured from co-milled starting powders

Two 3Gd-TZP materials were manufactured from powders produced by intense mixing and milling of unstabilized zirconia starting powders and gadolinia as stabilizer oxide by hot pressing at 1250 °C – 1400 °C. The materials show a combination of high toughness and moderate strength. In detail depending on starting powder the two TZP showed distinct differences concerning transformation characteristics, sintering temperature dependence of mechanical properties and the tendency to develop R-curve related deformation features such as non-linear stress strain curves and formation of transformation bands prior to fracture.     

注射成型立构复合聚乳酸的热变形性能分析

采用左旋聚乳酸（PLLA）和右旋聚乳酸（PDLA）为原料,采用熔融共混法制备了立构复合聚乳酸（SC?PLA）粉末,再通过注射成型制备了SC?PLA样条,并通过差示量热扫描仪（DSC）和热变形温度测定仪对SC?PLA粉末和样条的熔融、结晶情况和热变形性能进行了表征分析。结果表明,SC?PLA粉末的结晶能力与初始熔融状态直接相关;当熔融温度为220~230 ℃时,SC?PLA粉末的熔融稳定时间增加,有助于SC?PLA体系结晶,该温度适合SC?PLA的注射成型加工;SC?PLA样条中SC?PLA结晶度越高,均聚物PLA结晶度越低,越有助于样条热变形性能的提高;低注射温度和以SC?PLA粉末、PLLA、PDLA为原料成型有助于SC?PLA样条在220 ℃下加热再退火后获得较高的SC?PLA结晶度,其热变形温度最高可达到150 ℃以上;注射成型过程中,有利于保留更多SC?PLA晶体和提高SC?PLA结晶度的方式,有助于提高样条在退火后的热变形性能。     

热膨胀法判定建窑黑瓷烧成温度的应用研究

以热膨胀仪判定建窑黑瓷烧成温度的研究为例,综合运用多种测试方法对建窑黑瓷标本进行了系统研究,探讨如何从建窑黑瓷胎体重烧热膨胀曲线中筛选有效转折点的问题及其转折点的形成原因。研究表明:(1)建窑黑瓷胎体重烧热膨胀曲线上有三个转折点,分别为收缩转折点、膨胀转折点和急剧收缩点。其中第一个收缩转折点是判定其古代烧成温度的关键点。(2)建窑黑瓷胎体重烧热膨胀曲线上膨胀转折点和急剧收缩点的形成皆与其胎体中大量Fe_2O_3在高温下发生分解反应有关。该研究不仅为热膨胀仪测定建窑黑瓷烧成温度的应用研究提供判定依据,也将为科学认识古陶瓷胎体重烧热膨胀曲线上多个转折点的形成机理提供数据支持。     

基于短时间温升试验和参数估计模型预测稳定温度

电机在稳定运行状态下的绕组温度是反映电机性能的重要参数。通常,检测机构依据GB/T1032-2012中规定的方法进行温升试验,至少需要持续3小时,甚至达到6小时。短时间内求取电机稳定温度能够提升检测机构温升检测试验的效率,节约检测机构大量的电力成本和人工成本。同时,根据预测温度能够监测绕组温度,避免绕组的绝缘漆损坏而导致电机烧毁。通过研究均匀纯铜的指数发热规律、创新实时带电测量绕组温度的装置和基于线性逼近方式建立参数估计模型的方法,搭建了在短时间高精度预估电机温度的系统。在对不同功率段电机进行现场温升实验验证中,结果表明系统能够高效准确的预测电机的稳定温度。     

光催化剂在瓷砖表面的低温固定技术及高效降解甲醛大理石瓷砖的研制

笔者研制了一种高效广谱光催化剂,并研究了在低温条件下,使光催化剂粒子能够牢固地附着在瓷砖的表面,实现了瓷砖降解甲醛功能的持久性。     

颗粒强化钛基复合材料的氧化特性

研究了以ＴｉＣ颗粒增强的钛基复合材料的氧化特性。指出ＴｉＣ增强的钛基复合材料在６５０℃以上高温有着其它耐热钛合金不可比拟的高温抗氧化性能；ＴｉＣ／Ｔｉ的反应界面层有利于氧原子的扩散，使复合材料在６５０℃以下的氧化初期氧化速度较快；但在６５０℃以下经长时间保温，其氧化特性和其它耐热钛合金相似。