环氧复合材料微波扫描修补工艺及力学性能研究

微波加热具有加热速度快、加热均匀等优点,将微波固化技术应用于复合材料的修补,具有巨大的发展前景。针对E51/DDM体系玻璃纤维复合材料的微波扫描快速修补,通过扫描设备对预制缺陷复合材料层合板进行修补,研究了微波扫描修补工艺及修补后试样的力学性能。研究结果表明,300mA输入直流电流所对应的固化工艺具有较高的固化效率,同时固化制品具有良好的力学性能,最终确定此工艺为微波扫描修补工艺;当修补试样未加覆盖外层时,修补后试样的拉伸性能保持率较高,弯曲性能保持率较低,拉伸强度及模量保持率分别为89%和92.7%,修补面加载与背面加载的弯曲强度保持率分别为74.9%和77.5%;添加覆盖外层后,修补试样的拉伸及弯曲性能均得到提高,拉伸强度及模量保持率分别提高为98.7%和95.4%,修补面加载与背面加载的弯曲强度保持率分别提高为96%和94.4%;与热固化修补相比,微波扫描修补能节省70%左右的修补时间,具有更高的修补效率。     

低拉伸应力下PBX的老化实验研究

为了研究PBX在超长时低应力拉伸下的老化问题,设计了一种能进行超长时恒定拉伸应力加载的新实验装置,并验证了装置的可靠性.对以HMX和TATB为基的PBX炸药进行不同拉伸应力下的常温长时加载和45℃下的高温长时加载试验,研究了应力水平和温度环境对样品抗长时拉伸能力的影响,比较了相同条件下模压样品和等静压样品抗长时低应力拉伸的能力.结果表明,本实验能够有效研究PBX在低应力拉伸下的承载能力,并获得了在一定温度一定拉伸应力条件下PBX的老化寿命.     

退火对PA6结晶和拉伸性能的影响

通过调节退火时间和退火温度,研究了退火工艺对尼龙(PA)6结晶性能以及PA6在不同拉伸速率下的拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在100℃恒温退火时,随着退火时间的增加,PA6初始熔融温度逐渐升高,熔限减小,γ晶的晶粒尺寸增大,但结晶度变化不大;在5 h退火时间下,随着退火温度的增加,PA6结晶度呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而α晶晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。总体上看,不同拉伸速率下退火时间和退火温度对拉伸强度的影响较小,相对来看,退火温度为100℃时拉伸强度较高,而当退火温度达到200℃时,拉伸强度显著下降;当拉伸速率较高或较低时,不同退火时间下的PA6断裂伸长率相差不大,而当拉伸速率为20,50 mm/min时,随退火时间的增加,断裂伸长率逐渐降低;退火温度为100,130℃的PA6断裂伸长率保持在相对较高值,且拉伸速率越低,其值越高,但随着拉伸速率增加,其下降趋势也最快;高拉伸速率下,退火温度对PA6断裂伸长率影响较小。以上结果表明,当对PA6进行退火处理时,在拉伸性能方面需要考虑拉伸速率的影响。     

γ射线辐照对PVAL/Gel共混膜拉伸性能的影响

将明胶(Gel)按不同比例加入到聚乙烯醇(PVAL)溶液中,制备Gel质量分数分别为0%,5%,10%,15%和20%的混合溶液,混合均匀后分别浇铸到用硅纸覆盖的玻璃板上制备PVAL/Gel共混膜。研究了用不同剂量的γ射线(60Co)辐照对共混膜拉伸性能的影响,最后用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对共混膜进行了结构表征和形貌分析。研究结果表明,用γ射线辐照时,纯PVAL膜、PVAL/Gel共混膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均随着辐照剂量的增加而升高,但达到一定值后又开始下降;当辐照剂量为150 krad时,纯PVAL膜的拉伸强度达到最大值,为37 MPa;当辐照剂量为50 krad时,Gel质量分数分别为5%,10%,15%的共混膜的拉伸强度值均有极大值,分别为33,26,24 MPa。当辐照剂量为100 krad时,共混膜的断裂伸长率均有极大值,其中纯PVAL膜、Gel质量分数为10%的共混膜的断裂伸长率分别为175%,162%。FTIR和SEM分析结果表明,γ射线辐照处理后的膜发生了化学反应,形成了更多的化学键,改善了膜的拉伸性能。     

纳米TiO_2和纳米CaCO_3对EVAC流滴棚膜性能的影响

采用内添法,将纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO_2)或纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO_3)与流滴剂司班60等助剂混合后,利用挤出机制备以乙烯–乙酸乙烯酯塑料(EVAC)为载体的流滴母粒,进而通过吹塑工艺制备EVAC流滴棚膜,探讨了nano-TiO_2或nano-CaCO_3用量对EVAC流滴棚膜拉伸性能、流滴性和透光性的影响。结果表明,适当的加入nanoTiO_2或nano-CaCO_3,均能提高棚膜的拉伸强度,当母粒中nano-CaCO_3用量为4份时,棚膜的纵横向拉伸强度达到最大,而母粒中nano-TiO_2用量为2份时,即可使棚膜的纵横向拉伸强度达到最大;nano-TiO_2的加入略微改善了棚膜的流滴性,而nano-CaCO_3使棚膜的流滴性降低;添加nano-TiO_2或nano-CaCO_3后,棚膜对紫外光均有明显的屏蔽效果,对可见光的透光率也均有所提升,其中添加nano-TiO_2的棚膜的紫外光屏蔽效果以及对可见光的透光率均明显高于添加nano-CaCO_3的棚膜。     

Role of Grain-Boundary Glass Phase on the Superplastic Deformation of Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal

Superplastic deformation of tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP) was investigated by compression test in the temperature range of 1000° to 1500°C. Special attention was paid to the role of the grain-boundary glass phase on hightemperature deformation behavior. A small addition of glass phase markedly improved the high-temperature deformability of TZP. Lithium silicate glass was much superior to aluminosilicate or lithium aluminum silicate glasses for lowering the high-temperature flow stress. The deformation mechanism was discussed on the basis of mechanical testing data and microstructural examinations.     

Yield in Adhesive Joints and Design of Zones with Constant Elastic Shear Stresses

Yield in adhesive joints has been investigated by several scientists among whom L. J. Hart-Smith¹ especially is to be mentioned.

In the following, a method is demonstrated which is based on a simple elastic-plastic model. It shows the distribution of stresses in the adhesive and gives a total picture of the development of the length of the yield zones and their strain as a function of load.

Methods are given for the design of adhesive joints with constant elastic shear stresses at their ends or throughout their whole length. These stresses are obtained by varying the thickness of the adherends, the adhesive, or a combination of both. The constant elastic shear stress zones can be designed to take into consideration all known factors as temperature and hardening stresses, moments, etc. The characteristic yield properties as well as internal stresses after yield and unloading are determined together with the modified stress distribution for a new load.     

竹笋壳纤维的力学性能

为了了解竹笋壳纤维的基本力学性能,为竹笋壳纤维的进一步开发利用提供理论依据,研究了竹笋壳纤维拉伸断裂性能、松弛性能和定伸长弹性性能等力学指标。结果表明,竹笋壳纤维断裂性能指标拉伸断裂强度、初始模量和断裂伸长率分别为3．21cN／dtex、214．32cN／dtex和2．01％,在湿态下竹笋壳纤维的拉伸断裂强度和初始模量下降较大,分别下降了38．6％和33．1％,断裂伸长率变化不大;比较干、湿态下竹笋壳纤维的抗应力松弛性能和定伸长抗伸回弹性,湿态下的抗应力松弛性能和弹性能力较优。     

机械密封环端面热变形的分析与BP网络预测

分析了影响机械密封环端面变形的主要因素,说明了密封环对介质的传热系数及端面热通量的计算方法.对于高速重载机械密封,因密封环端面热通量大,其热变形显著高于力变形.当密封环模型一定时,按正交设计法给出若干端面热通量值作为输入样本,并将有限元法计算得出的端面内径和外径处的相对轴向变形Δz作为输出样本,训练3层BP人工神经网络,对该密封环端面的轴向热变形进行精确预测.正交设计法和人工神经网络方法相结合是密封环端面热通量与热变形之间高度非线性关系分析的有效方法.     

Study of Materials Deformation in Nanometric Cutting by Large-scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Nanometric cutting involves materials removal and deformation evolution in the surface at nanometer scale. At this length scale, atomistic simulation is a very useful tool to study the cutting process. In this study, large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the model size up to 10 millions atoms have been performed to study three-dimensional nanometric cutting of copper. The EAM potential and Morse potential are used, respectively, to compute the interaction between workpiece atoms and the interactions between workpiece atoms and tool atoms. The material behavior, surface and subsurface deformation, dislocation movement, and cutting forces during the cutting processes are studied. We show that the MD simulation model of nanometric cutting has to be large enough to eliminate the boundary effect. Moreover, the cutting speed and the cutting depth have to be considered in determining a suitable model size for the MD simulations. We have observed that the nanometric cutting process is accompanied with complex material deformation, dislocation formation, and movement. We find that as the cutting depth decreases, the tangential cutting force decreases faster than the normal cutting force. The simulation results reveal that as the cutting depth decreases, the specific cutting force increases, i.e., “size effect” exists in nanometric cutting.