基于像素三元组的差值扩展可逆图像水印算法

一般差值扩展可逆水印算法通过图像像素对的差值扩展嵌入水印,最大嵌入率为0.5 bpp(bit per pixel),存在嵌入率低 和失真较大的问题。为了提高嵌入性能,提出基于像素三元组的差值扩展可逆图像水印算法 。 首先利用图像像素的相关性,通 过像素三元组均值局部方差选择平滑区域,然后扩展像素三元组中像素值与其均值差嵌入水 印。 另外,为了提高图像不可感知 性和防止嵌入水印导致像素值的溢出,嵌入水印时,设定阈值限制在平滑区域嵌入水印时像 素值的改变。本文提出的算法最 大嵌入率能到达0.66 bpp,比传统的差值扩展算法提高33%,实验结果表明提出的算 法能在 较高嵌入率时仍保持较大的峰值信噪比,有效地提高了水印嵌入容量和降低了图像的失真率。     

聚合物乳液粒子制备纳米多孔增透膜

采用提拉法在载玻片上沉积了PMMA/PS混合乳液粒子,用环己烷选择性地溶解掉表层PS粒子,制备了孔隙率从表向里梯度变化的纳米粒子增透膜,在578 nm处透过率可达99.5%;研究了两种聚合物纳米粒子的比例及环己烷浸泡时间对增透性能的影响。本方法可用于大面积和不规则基材上制备增透膜,并解决了提拉法成膜的粒子堆积紧密、孔隙率低且不易调节的缺点,使粒子膜的透过率大幅度提高。     

Well‐Defined Protein‐Based Supramolecular Nanoparticles with Excellent MRI Abilities for Multifunctional Delivery Systems

Protein‐based nanoparticles are widely used for effective biomedical applications. The objective of this work is to design series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐visible cationic supramolecular nanoparticles (PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd³⁺) based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β‐cyclodextrin‐cored star ethanolamine‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (CD‐PGEA) in the presence of Gd³⁺ ions for multifunctional delivery systems. CD‐PGEA is prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization and ring‐opening reaction. It is found that in the absence of Gd³⁺ ions, CD‐PGEA does not well interact with adamantine‐modified BSA (BSA‐Ad). The well‐defined PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd³⁺ supramolecular nanoparticles could be produced through the synergistic actions of the host–guest and electrostatic self‐assemblies by mixing aqueous solutions of CD‐PGEA, BSA‐Ad, and Gd³⁺. In comparison with CD‐PGEA assembly units, such kinds of uniform PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd³⁺ supramolecular nanoparticles exhibit better pDNA condensation ability, lower cytotoxicity, higher gene transfection, and easier cellular uptake. In addition, PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd³⁺ also produces outstanding MRI abilities, much better than Magnevist (Gd‐diethylenetriaminepentacetate acid). The present design of protein–polymer supramolecular nanoparticles with MRI contrast agents would provide a new way for multifunctional gene/drug delivery systems.     

Theranostic Agent Combining Fullerene Nanocrystals and Gold Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Developing photoactivatable theranostic platforms with integrated functionalities of biocompatibility, targeting, imaging contrast, and therapy is a promising approach for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we report a theranostic agent based on a hybrid nanoparticle comprising fullerene nanocrystals and gold nanoparticles (FGNPs) for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Compared to gold nanoparticles and fullerene crystals, FGNPs exhibited stronger photoacoustic signals and photothermal heating characteristics by irradiating light with an optimal wavelength. Our studies demonstrated that FGNPs could kill cancer cells due to their photothermal heating characteristics in vitro. Moreover, FGNPs that are accumulated in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeation and retention effect can visualize tumor tissue due to their photoacoustic signal in tumor xenograft model mice. The theranostic agent with FGNPs shows promise for cancer therapy.     

纳米粒子几何结构对膨胀型防火涂料阻燃和抑烟性能的影响

为了研究纳米粒子几何结构对膨胀型防火涂料阻燃和抑烟性能的影响,以聚磷酸铵(APP)-季戊四醇(PER)-三聚氰胺(MEL)-硼酸三聚氰胺(MB)为阻燃体系,硅丙乳液为成膜物质,分别添加球形纳米二氧化硅(Si O2)、经硅烷偶联剂KH560改性的管状碳纳米管(KH560–CNT)和片状水滑石(LDH)制备了3种水性膨胀型防火涂料。采用小室法、隧道法及模拟大板法研究了涂层的防火阻燃性能,再结合热重分析、扫描电镜分析和能谱分析,考察了涂层的热解性能和炭层结构。结果表明,球形Si O2和片状LDH能有效增强防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,表现出较好的协效作用;管状KH560–CNT则会恶化防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,表现出对抗作用。当纳米填料的质量分数为0.5%时,片状LDH表现出最优的协效作用,火焰传播比值为12.5,烟密度等级为14.1%。这是因为它能促进涂层在燃烧过程中形成更多的含磷和含硼交联结构,有效增强了炭层的致密性、连续性和隔热性能。     

Impact of Ge-Sb-Te compound engineering on the set operation performance in phase-change memories

The phase-change memory (PCM) technology is considered as one of the most attractive non-volatile memory concepts for next generation data storage. It relies on the ability of a chalcogenide material belonging to the Ge-Sb-Te compound system to reversibly change its phase between two stable states, namely the poly-crystalline low-resistive state and the amorphous high-resistive state, allowing the storage of the logical bit. A careful study of the phase-change material properties in terms of the set operation performance, the program window and the electrical switching parameters as a function of composition is very attractive in order to enlarge the possible PCM application spectrum. Concerning the set performance, a crystallization kinetics based interpretation of the observed behavior measured on different Ge-Sb-Te compounds is provided, allowing a physics-based comprehension of the reset-to-set transition.     

Criterion for signal extraction in underdetermined mixtures of bounded support

This work studies the problem of recovering a complex signal (source) from an underdetermined linear mixture of bounded sources. We assume some a priori information of the desired signal in the form of a training sequence and complete absence of knowledge from the other sources, except for their bounded character. The main contribution of this letter is the proposal of a bounded component analysis of the training error that tries to condense the relevant information of the observations in a linear estimate of the desired signal. This subspace can be later used for subsequent refined estimation of the signal of interest. Simulations corroborate the good performance of the proposed method in high SNR scenarios.     

Lectin Conjugated Gold Nanoparticle-based Colorimetric Assay for Studying the Interactions of Antibiotic with Living Cell

The interactions of antibiotic with living cells were studied by lectin conjugated gold nanoparticles(GNPs)based colorimetric assay. Because of the high affinity of lectin for saccharides, the lectin conjugated GNPs are able to employ as indicators for monitoring the antibiotic induced changes of glycosyl complexes. The interactions of a well known antibiotiC., tunicamycin, with two different cell lines, HeLa and SHG-44, were selected to establish this assay.In the presence of tunicamycin, the dose-and time-dependence on the decreasing of binding affinity of lectin conjugated GNPs with living cells were demonstrated by conventional microscopic and UV-Vis spectroscopic studies. The experimental result demonstrates that our approach can be used to identify antibiotic induced expression difference of glycosyl complexes on different cellular surfaces and determine drug activity quantitatively. For further confirming the capability of the GNP-based assay, the system was also studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)and classic flow cytometry(FCM) assay, and satisfactory results were obtained.     

Design of high efficiency mixed refrigerant Joule–Thomson refrigerator for cooling HTS cable

The substitution of high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables for existing subterranean electric transmission lines is arising as a solution to continuously increasing electricity demand in urban areas. A cryogenic refrigeration system having the characteristics of high reliability, high efficiency, large cooling capacity, and low capital cost is essential to enable such a substitution. These requirements can be satisfied with a mixed refrigerant Joule–Thomson (MR JT) refrigerator. Unfortunately, usual MR JT refrigerators exhibit good performance at refrigeration temperatures above 80 K. A precooled neon–nitrogen MR JT refrigerator is proposed in this paper that can cool HTS cables at 70 K. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the proposed MR JT refrigerator is predicted to be 0.058 at 70 K (19.2% for exergy efficiency) with the optimized design variables. The COP can be improved further to 0.064 by enhancing the efficiency of the precooling cycle. The maximum achievable COP demonstrates the feasibility of MR JT refrigerator for cooling HTS cable.