Sharpening polycrystalline phase boundary for potassium sodium niobate ceramics with MnF2 modification

The influence of anion on structure and performance is unclear in potassium sodium niobate ((K,Na)NbO₃; KNN)-based ceramics, while cation doping has been widely researched. Here, the phase structure and electrical properties are explored in MnF₂-doped KNN ceramics. Significantly, sharp rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) and orthorhombic–tetragonal (O–T) phase boundary as well as reduced diffusion degree is exhibited in the ceramics along with little changed phase transition temperatures due to the optimized F⁻ content at O site, which is different from that of cation replacement for A and B sites. Notably, the domain wall motion is facilitated due to the increased A vacancy and decreased O vacancy along with strengthened polarity, originating from the higher valence state and electronegativity of F⁻ with respect to O²⁻. And then, enhanced ferroelectricity is realized via MnF₂ modification, the piezoelectricity is elevated in turn. This work presents a new idea of anion doping for controlling structure and properties in perovskite materials.     

低碱度含FeO渣热分解H2O/CO2制取H2/CO

以转炉钢渣为原料,通过高温重熔获得不同碱度渣样并开展H₂O/CO₂氧化试验,在获得H₂/CO气体能源的同时改善渣样磁性,提升渣综合利用率。试验结果表明,随着碱度增加,析出主要物相从橄榄石到镁蔷薇辉石最终向硅酸二钙转变,与此同时,固溶在其中的RO相逐渐溶出。相同亚铁含量下,高碱度渣样能够大幅度改善氧化反应效率,碱度1.83渣样最高产气量为H₂ (32.3 cm3/g)、CO (22.1 cm3/g),反应率分别达到了83.7%、57%,碱度1.13的渣样反应率分别仅为 40.5%、32%。氧化后的渣样磁选效率均有提高,碱度2.13渣样从14.85%增加到78.75%。     

固溶冷却介质对GH4720Li合金组织和性能的影响

γ'相的形貌对GH4720Li合金的性能起着十分重要的作用。固溶淬火时高冷速可以增加基体的过饱和度,有利于获取细小的γ'相组织,然而过高的冷速容易导致工件淬火开裂。因此,工业生产中选择适当的冷却介质控制固溶淬火的冷却速度就显得尤其关键。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了不同冷却介质对GH4720Li合金组织和性能的影响。结果显示,固溶冷却介质对GH4720Li合金的晶粒尺寸、一次γ'相形貌和数量无影响;水冷试样中二次γ'相的数量最少、三次γ'相的尺寸最小;水溶性淬火剂(20%浓度)冷却后的样品中三次γ'相的尺寸最大,室温、高温拉伸的屈服强度略低于其他样品。     

Machining of NiTi-shape memory alloys-A review

The emerging trends in the development of advanced smart materials with better unique properties under different environments for a particular application fascinate the researchers and industrialists. Nickel-Titanium based shape memory alloys are exotic materials due to their unique properties such as SME, SE, high damping characteristics, high corrosion and wear resistance and biocompatibility. This article presents an overview of machining processes that can be used to machine the NiTi and its surface induced characteristics such as microhardness, surface roughness, topography, induced layer, residual stress, fatigue and phase transformation. The surface integrity characteristics are discussed for machining of NiTi-SMAs under the category of traditional, non-traditional and micro-machining with the effect of input parameters such as cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, type of lubricant and type of coating material on cutting tool. The conventional machining of NiTi alloys are quite complicated due to high toughness, severe strain hardening, fatigue hardening and distinctive property of NiTi-SMAs such as pseudoelastic and shape memory effect. From this study, non-traditional process is significantly used to machine the NiTi-SMAs due to its better results on surface integrity characteristics. Consequently, future trends are also identified for machining the NiTi-SMAs and to improve the surface integrity characteristics.     

A physical strategy for the preparation of isotactic polypropylene spheres with microsphere and bead–string spherulite morphologies

This study mainly focuses on the formation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blend morphologies with microspheres and distinct bead–string spherulites. iPP microspheres have been prepared by a simple and convenient strategy through either an isothermal or a nonisothermal crystallization process based on the macrophase‐separated structure in molten state of iPP/olefin block copolymer (OBC) blend. The dimension of the iPP spheres can be adjusted easily from about 1 µm to >10 µm by controlling the compatibility and annealing conditions. It was found that any of the following three parameters, the molecular structure of OBC (particularly the octene content), molecular weight of iPP, and annealing condition can be rescaled with others in controlling the dimension of the iPP microspheres. The mechanism of the formation of iPP microspheres was studied in detail. Surprisingly, the typical spinodal decomposition morphology with interconnected or thin sheet structure is the precursor of these microspheres. During the subsequent annealing process, it breaks up and further coarsens into spherical structure. In addition, distinct spherulites with a bead–string substructure have been obtained during the isothermal crystallization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40863.     

金属离子掺杂对纳米TiO2晶型转变影响作用机制的研究进展

二氧化钛中引入金属杂质以提高二氧化钛的光催化活性受到了人们的广泛关注,对金属离子掺杂引起的二氧化钛晶型的转变进行了综述,总结了金属掺杂离子的熔点、离子半径、掺杂离子浓度、掺杂离子化合价等对TiO2晶型转变的影响,对TiO2晶型转变影响的作用机理进行了分析,并对TiO2光催化材料的金属离子掺杂改性研究的未来发展方向提出了建议.     

双金属复合材料固相结合数值仿真研究

基于大变形弹塑性有限元理论,采用ANSYS有限元程序,通过建立合理的有限元分析模型,对Cu/Al双金属复合材料静液挤压固相结合的非稳态过程进行了数值模拟研究,得到了变形体在挤压过程中的等效应力、应变分布及相对滑动量随摩擦系数的变化情况,揭示了组元金属在静液挤压成形过程中的流动规律,指出在一定的变形量条件下,增大内外层金属之间的摩擦系数是较好实现内外层金属固相结合的主要方法.     

非连续谱FMCW雷达信号分析与处理

高频地波雷达工作在干扰严重的高频段,系统很难找到一段连续寂净的工作频段.为提高雷达抗干扰性能,用几个不连续的干净频带来合成系统的有效带宽.分析了一种非连续谱线性调频雷达信号;根据信号特点采用先速度后距离的二维处理方式;通过对每段信号进行分解、相位补偿、重构的方法来消除由频率跳变所引起的距离旁瓣增高,谱峰分裂、偏移等影响.仿真结果表明了该方法能有效地抑制旁瓣,实现目标的二维分辨.     

A FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATION AND COMPENSATION ALGORITHM FOR K/Ka-BAND COMMUNICATIONS

This paper presents a new open-loop technique for estimating and correcting Doppler frequency shift in K/Ka-band communication systems with special reference to the advanced communications technology satellite (ACTS) mobile terminal (AMT) modem, which utilizes square-wave pulse-shaped, binary differential phase shift-keyed (DPSK) modulation. The novelty of this estimation scheme is that it exploits the Doppler-induced phase shift over a fraction of a symbol interval to provide an estimate of the Doppler offset, without requiring symbol synchronization. Furthermore, by utilizing time-differential detection (delay-and-multiply), the proposed technique can tolerate much larger frequency offsets than existing open- or closed-loop techniques. Analytical results are provided for the variance of the above estimator and the error probability performance of the AMT is evaluated in the presence of the Doppler correction. Practical design considerations are also discussed, including a method for modifying the front end, digital bandlimiting filter in such a way that Doppler bias effects in the new estimator are eliminated. Simulation results reveal that, in general, performance improves with increasing data rates, i.e., the new frequency offset estimation/compensation algorithm induces a degradation from ideal of approximately 1 dB at a 6 dB energy per data symbol (bit) and a 2⋅4 kbps data rate. However, there is no appreciable degradation when the data rate is increased to 9⋅6 or 19⋅2 kbps.     

数字角位移传感器在航空发动机系统中的应用研究

根据某型发动机角位移传感器的工作原理,设计了一种数字角位移传感器,分析了其静态和动态特性。该传感器以角位移传感器和CMOS低频锁相环电路为核心,用于航空发动机控制系统中角位移测量。实验表明,该传感器相位移动小,干扰噪声抑制能力强,响应速度较快;测量精度可达±0.01°,可以及时有效地对角位移进行跟踪测量。