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141.
142.
Sonny g. Sundaresan William R. Finkenstadt 《International Journal of Refrigeration》1991,14(6):317-320
Earlier studies conducted in the use of sealed tubes with polyalkylene glycol lubricants and polyethylene terephthalete (PET) films revealed that the PET films exhibited embrittlement and (visual) degradation. This led to an investigation of PET embrittlement mechanisms with the new lubricants used with HFC 134a. The lubricants studied were three polypropylene glycols (the monol, the diol and the completely end-capped glycols), pentaerythritol ester and a blend of monol and ester. The effects of moisture content, temperature and lubricant structure were studied. All lubricants in this study were of viscosity grade ISO-32 (150 SUS). The results were compared to PET film embrittlement in the presence of CFC 12 and mineral oil. This study reconfirmed the earlier findings that the PET films must be dried to lower than 0.1 wt.% moisture content for use in hermetic systems. This paper discusses the effect of the moisture content of the lubricant and the effect of the lubricant structure on PET films. The dependence of the various mechanisms on temperature is shown. Esters and end-capped polyalkylene glycols are recommended for use with HFC 134a. 相似文献
143.
简单回顾了国内外在火电机组运行优化领域的研究历程,列举了目前国内外市场上针对火电机组的各种主流运行优化产品的功能特点和应用情况,分析了国外引进产品和国内自主研发产品在中国当前市场环境下各自的优势和劣势。介绍了当前运行优化系统在国内电站机组的应用现状,阐述了国内外运行优化系统在实际应用中存在的问题,并提出了相应的改进意见。对机组运行优化系统的未来发展进行了展望,指出机组运行优化系统将利用先进技术设备和信息平台,与电站管理紧密结合,在日益规范的市场中不断发展完善,为提高电站经济性发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
144.
建立了热采注汽系统热效率的计算模型。根据XX油田数据计算了2个注汽系统的热效率。提出了提高注汽系统热效率的三项措施:(1)降低锅炉的过剩空气系数;(2)按最大允许热损失设计地面输汽管线的保温层厚度;(3)使用视导热系数小的隔热油管,按箍增加隔热结构,防止热封隔器的泄漏等。 相似文献
145.
小型密闭压力容器测试(MCPVT)法是安全工程领域中近几年发展起来的、评价有机过氧化物及自反应物质受热分解反应激烈程度的新方法。pmax是MCPVT方法中用来表征自反应物质受热分解反应激烈程度的物理量之一。文中通过大量实验,研究了样品容器容积V、升温速率R及样品质量M对pmax重复性误差的影响,研究了一系列典型的有机过氧化物和自反应物质在标准实验条件下pmax重复性误差。结果表明,小型密闭压力容器测试系统重复性好,测试结果可靠,从而为MCPVT法最终成为国际上评价自反应物质受热分解反应激烈程度标准方法奠定了基础。 相似文献
146.
The effect of a range of organic additives on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride), both with and without a chloroparaffin extender, was studied using a number of experimental techniques. Of the additives used the best overall balance was provided by pentaerythritol, which increased stability when the extender was present and had no effect when it was absent. The congo red test emerged as the most suitable technique, being consistent and inexpensive and able to screen several additives simultaneously. Isothermal differential thermal analysis correlated with the congo red test but required more expensive equipment, was time-consuming and demanded good mixing of the poly(vinyl chloride) compound to give reproducible results. Thermogravimetry was not sufficiently sensitive and the heat stability test was the least useful of all. 相似文献
147.
Temperature dependences of shrinkage forces appearing in oriented polymer samples when heated at constant length were recorded for polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene and polypropylene. The influence of various processing conditions on thermally stimulated shrinkage forces is demonstrated. A four-state model is proposed which qualitatively describes the temperature dependences of shrinkage forces in amorphous polymers. 相似文献
148.
微机控制材料试验机的开扰源分析及抗干扰措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析和探讨了微机控制材料试验机所受干扰的来源和通道,并采用屏蔽和隔离等一系列措施抑制各种干扰,以达到提高微机控制试验机系统试验结果的可靠性和精确度。 相似文献
149.
C. N. Cacaval E. C. BuruianÎ D. Rou E. Rusu G. E. Grigoriu V. Brboiu 《Polymer International》1985,17(4):343-346
Thermogravimetry and pyrolysis in combination with gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were the experimental techniques applied to the thermal degradation of cinnamoylated poly(vinyl alcohol) samples, constituted from vinyl alcohol-vinyl cinnamate photocrosslinkable copolymers. The thermal decomposition products include gases, liquids and solids. The gases are formed from saturated and unsaturated volatile hydrocarbons C1? C4, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The liquid fraction includes aromatic hydrocarbons and some oxygenated organic compounds. The solid product identified in the greatest amount was cinnamic acid. The content in the thermal decomposition products varies considerably both with copolymer composition and temperature. 相似文献
150.
Development of nano indium tin oxide (ITO) grains by alkaline hydrolysis of In(III) and Sn(IV) salts
Indium tin oxide (ITO) nano powders of different compositions (In: Sn = 90: 10, 70: 30 and 50: 50) were prepared by heat treatment
(300-450°C) of mixed hydroxides of In(III) and Sn(IV). The hydroxides were obtained by the reaction of aq. NH3 with mixed aq. solutions of In(NO3)3 and SnCl4. FTIR and TG/DTA studies revealed that powders existed as In(OH)3H2O—SnO3H2H2O in the solid state and then they transformed to In2O3—SnO2 via some metastable intermediates after 300°C. Cubic phase of In2O3 was identified by XRD for the oxides up to 30% of Sn. Particle size measurements of the solid dispersed in acetone and SEM
study for microstructure showed that the oxides were in the nano range (55-75 nm) whereas the size range determined from Debye-Scherrer
equation were 11–24 nm. 相似文献