Membrane electrode assemblies with low noble metal loadings for hydrogen production from solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis

High performance membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with low noble metal loadings (NMLs) were developed for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis. The electrochemical and physical characterization of the MEAs was performed by I–V curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Even though the total NML was lowered to 0.38 mg cm⁻², it still reached a high performance of 1.633 V at 2 A cm⁻² and 80 °C, with IrO₂ as anode catalyst. The influences of the ionomer content in the anode catalyst layer (CL) and the cell temperature were investigated with the purpose of optimizing the performance. SEM and EIS measurements revealed that the MEA with low NML has very thin porous cathode and anode CLs that get intimate contact with the electrolyte membrane, which makes a reduced mass transport limitation and lower ohmic resistance of the MEA. A short-term water electrolysis operation at 1 A cm⁻² showed that the MEA has good stability: the cell voltage maintained at ∼1.60 V without distinct degradation after 122 h operation at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure.     

三维锌孔道配位聚合物的合成及结构

在DMF/H2O/C2H5OH混合体系中,以2-(4-吡啶)-咪唑二羧酸为有机连接体与Zn2+反应得到了一个新的含有孔道的三维锌配位聚合物,分子式为:Zn3(HL)3(DMF)2.2DMF,H3L=2-(4’-吡啶)-咪唑二甲酸,DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。单晶X射线分析显示1是带有一维矩形孔道的三维开骨架结构,孔道直径大小为18.28×6.952。     

GAP型交联改性双基推进剂黏合剂的力学性能

将GAP与异氰酸酯预聚后引入双基推进剂黏合剂中,研究了固化剂种类、R值、固化催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(T12)的含量和增塑比对黏合剂的交联网络结构参数RNB值和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着R值以及(T12)含量的增大,黏合剂的RNB值增大。在与NC中活性-OH交联反应时,TDI的反应活性比IPDI的高。GAP-TDI/NC/NG胶片的最大抗拉强度和断裂延伸率分别可达1.09MPa和202.12%,Tg最低为-42.66℃。     

液晶聚合物分子设计研究进展

综述了液晶聚合(物LCP)分子设计的一般原则,着重介绍了主链型热致LCP、主链型溶致LCP及侧链LCP的分子结构和分子设计并,列举了国内外各类型LCP的分子设计实例。     

高导热聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了以纳米粉体、纳米纤维和碳纳米管(CNT)等为填料的高导热型聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究进展,并介绍了其导热机制和导热理论模型。最后,提出了高导热型聚合物基纳米复合材料中存在的问题,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

聚（3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩）/樟脑磺酸复合材料的合成及其电化学性能

以樟脑磺酸(HCSA)为掺杂剂,FeCl3为氧化剂,通过化学氧化聚合合成了聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)/樟脑磺酸(PEDOT/HCSA)复合材料;采用FTIR和SEM对其结构和形貌进行了表征;探讨了掺杂剂与单体摩尔比、氧化剂用量和反应时间对产品导电性能的影响;分析了产品的电化学性能。结果表明,当n〔3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(EDOT)〕:n(樟脑磺酸):n(氯化铁)=2:1:40,反应时间41 h时,复合材料具有良好的导电性能和电化学性能,电导率为10.4 S/cm,经150次充放电老化后比容量可保持在140 F/g左右,是一种潜在的超级电容器电极材料。     

一维链状钴配合物的合成、结构及热稳定性

在水热法条件下,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）和水（VDMF∶VH2O=2∶1）为溶剂,基于1,2,4,5-苯四甲酸（H4BTA）、咪唑（Im）和氯化钴（CoCl2.6H2O）合成了一维链状配合物[Co（Im）2（H4BTA）0.5]n（1）。晶体结构分析表明：该配合物属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,在不对称结构单元中一个钴原子与两个咪唑中的两个氮原子、H4BTA中的一个氧原子配位。同时,配合物（1）通过分子间和一维链间氢键作用形成三维超分子。     

Preparation of raspberry‐like poly(methyl methacrylate) particles by seeded dispersion polymerization

The facile preparation of nonspherical raspberry‐like poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles by seeded dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on micron‐sized PMMA seed particles was described. Various polymerization parameters influencing the particle morphology, as well as the polymerization kinetic and morphological stability, were investigated in detail. It was found that the following polymerization conditions were necessary to prepare this kind of nonspherical particles: a relatively low temperature, an appropriate ratio of seed/MMA, an initiator with a relatively low decomposition rate, and a relatively low initiator concentration. These particles showed very good morphological stability at room temperature, but they changed to the spherical ones when heat treated at 60°C in methanol solution of MMA. The experimental results suggest that the prepared PMMA particles were kinetically favored and the localized polymerization of the MMA monomer on PMMA seed particle surface was responsible for the formation of the raspberry‐like particles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

功能高分子材料发展现状及展望

介绍了几种新型的功能高分子材料的发展及应用领域等,包括：光功能高分子材料、电功能高分子材料、反应型功能高分子材料、吸附分离功能高分子材料、生物医用功能高分子材料、液晶高分子材料等。并展望了功能高分子材料未来发展方向的热点,最后论及新型功能高分子材料的战略地位。     

黄原胶改性制备高吸水性树脂的研究

以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为黄原胶(XG)的接枝改性剂,采用反向悬浮聚合法制备了高吸水性树脂——接枝改性共聚物(XG-g-AA/AM)。采用U*10(104)均匀设计法对XG-g-AA/AM的合成工艺进行了优化。结果表明:XG-g-AA/AM的最佳合成条件为m(AA)=10.0 g、w(引发剂)=0.5%(相对于单体总质量而言)、AA中和度80%和反应温度60℃,此时XG-g-AA/AM的吸水倍率为890.1 g/g、吸盐水倍率为172.2 g/g;热失重分析(TGA)结果显示,XG-g-AA/AM的热稳定性优于XG;扫描电镜(SEM)观测结果显示,XG-g-AA/AM表面形成的多孔网络结构,有利于其对水分子的接触与吸附。