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91.
Electrochemical characterization of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonate/aluminium(III) aqueous solutions
Denis Badocco Annalisa Dean Valerio Di Marco Paolo Pastore 《Electrochimica acta》2007,52(28):7920-7926
8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonate/Al(III) aqueous solutions were studied both by potentiometric titrations and voltammetric measurements, in order to obtain the number, the stoichiometry and the stability constants of the complexes formed at equilibrium, and to evaluate the redox and (electro)kinetic properties of the free ligand and of the metal/ligand complexes. The complexes formed in 0.2 m (Na)Cl aqueous solution (stability log beta values ± standard deviation) are AlL+ (8.95 ± 0.05), AlL2− (17.43 ± 0.03) and AlL33− (24.58 ± 0.05), where “L” denotes the free ligand in the completely deprotonated form (L2−, pKa1 = 3.910 ± 0.008, pKa2 = 8.319 ± 0.004). AlL33− is the predominant Al(III) species in a very wide range of pH, metal and ligand concentrations and metal-to-ligand ratios. The free ligand shows an oxidation wave at 0.62 V versus SCE. The proposed oxidation mechanism includes a first reversible one-electron oxidation of the ligand, followed by a coupling reaction and by a second reversible one-electron oxidation, and finally by a decomposition reaction. The addition of Al(III) lowers the intensity of the oxidation wave due to the formation of the redox-inactive complex AlL33−. A residual low signal was attributed to the free ligand produced by the complex dissociation, AlL33− = AlL2− + L2−. All the kinetic parameters involved in the ligand oxidation and in the complex disruption were calculated on the basis of the agreement between experimental and simulated linear sweep and cyclic voltammetries. Correctness of the mechanisms proposed was further confirmed “a posteriori” by the agreement between potentiometric and linear sweep voltammetric results. The low residual signal observed in the presence of fully formed complex was attributed to the free ligand produced by the complex dissociation, having a kinetic constant estimated 0.2 s−1. 相似文献
92.
Thermoplastic extrusion—the mechanism of the formation of extrudate structure and properties 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Vladimir B. Tolstoguzov 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(4):417-424
Systems processed by thermoplastic extrusion can be regarded as heterophase polymer melts of incompatible water-plasticized
biopolymers. In the process of thermoplastic extrusion, proteins and polysaccharides are melted at high pressure and temperature
below the temperature region of their thermal decomposition. Dispersed particles of these systems can be deformed in flow.
The mixed-melt anisotropic structure, formed in flow, is fixed by rapid conversion of the melt jet that lets the extruder
die from a viscous state to a rubber-like state and then to a glassy state caused by cooling and drying. Incompatibility of
proteins and polysaccharides in their water-plasticized melt mixtures impacts on structure formation and texturization during
thermoplastic extrusion.
Presented at the 20th ISF World Congress and 83rd AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo, May 10–14, 1992, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 相似文献
93.
94.
TESTS FOR FRACTIONAL INTEGRATION:A MONTE CARLO INVESTIGATION 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. The performance of the Geweke-Porter-Hudak (GPH) test, the modified rescaled range (MRR) test and two Lagrange multiplier (LM) type tests for fractional integration in small samples is examined using Monte Carlo methods. Both the GPH and MRR tests are found to be robust to moderate autoregressive moving-average components, autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity effects and shifts in the variance. However, these two tests are sensitive to large autoregressive moving-average components and shifts in the mean. It is also found that the LM tests are sensitive to deviations from the null hypothesis. As an illustration, the GPH test is applied to two economic data series. 相似文献
95.
A mathematical model of fluid flow and mass transfer in a packed bed was derived and used to evaluate the liquid phase axial dispersion and mass transfer coefficients under high pressure conditions. The least-squares method was used to evaluate the rate parameters from experimental breakthrough curves, and the agreement between the concentration curves predicted from rate parameters and those measured experimentally was good. Experiments were performed at 20 and 200°C with water as a solvent and nonporous soda-lime glass beads as packing. Although the axial dispersion coefficient was independent of temperature and pressure, the mass transport parameters were found to be pressure dependent. 相似文献
96.
针对卡布其石灰石矿的实际情况,研究和确定了以提高块矿率、改善爆破质量为目的的最佳爆破参数,并在生产实际中加以应用,取得了良好的爆破效果和经济效益。 相似文献
97.
介绍原 2 0万t/a装置增容到 2 4万t/a时的工艺参数优化。PTA平均粒径 95~ 110 μm ,n(EG) /n(PTA) =2 .6~ 2 .7,酯化液位 63 %~ 64 % ,温度 2 92~ 2 96℃ ;乙二醇锑催化剂 ,稳定EG、DEG量 ,选择TiO2 消光剂 ,滤除凝聚粒子 ;预缩聚温度 2 87~ 2 89℃ ,压力 2 .4~ 2 .8kPa,液位 42~ 48cm ;终缩聚温度 2 90~ 2 91℃ ,压力 2 .5~ 3 .0hPa,液位 60~ 62cm ,搅拌速度 2 .7r/min。 相似文献
98.
直接金属氧化法制备SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料的显微结构及工艺因素的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在低成本的前提下 ,利用直接金属氧化法 (DIMOX)制备了SiC颗粒增强Al2 O3-Al基复合材料 ,并详细叙述了此种方法的工艺过程。借助于X—射线衍射 (XRD)和扫描电镜 (SEM)对该种复合材料的微观结构进行了观察 ,分析了SiO2 层、合金成分和温度制度对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明 ,此种复合材料结构致密且渗透完全 ,微观结构由三种相互穿插相组成 :SiC预制体、连续的Al2 O3基体 ,呈网状结构分布的未被氧化的残余Al。合金成分及烧成制度是此工艺过程中的最重要的工艺参数。 相似文献
99.
Lisa N. Yee Casimir C. Akoh Robert S. Phillips 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(3):255-260
Pseudomonas sp. lipase PS was immobilized by adsorption and tested for its ability to catalyze the synthesis of citronellyl butyrate
and geranyl caproate by transesterification in n-hexane. The reaction parameters investigated were: enzyme load, effect of substrate concentration, added water, temperature,
time course, organic solvent, pH memory, and enzyme reuse. Yields as high as 96 and 99% were obtained for citronellyl butyrate
and geranyl caproate, respectively, with 300 units (approx. 15% w/w of reactants) of lipase PS. Increasing amounts of terpene
alcohol inhibited lipase activity, while excess acyl donor (triacylglycerol) concentration enhanced ester production. Optimal
yields were obtained at temperatures from 30–50°C after 24-h incubation time. Yields of 90 and 99% were obtained for citronellyl
and geranyl esters, respectively, with 2% added water. Solvents with log P values ≥ 2.5 showed the highest conversion yields. pH 7 and 6–8 seemed to be ideal for citronellyl butyrate and geraniol
caproate, respectively. The lipase remained active after reusing 12 times. 相似文献
100.
The micellar properties of aqueous binary mixed solutions for two systems consisting of sodium cholate (NaC)-octaoxyethylene
glycol mono n-decyl ether (C10E8) and sodium glycocholate (NaGC)-C10E8 have been studied on the basis of surface tensions, polarity of the micelle interior and the mean aggregation number. Application
of two theoretical treatments, based on regular solution and excess thermodynamic quantities for critical micellar concentration
(CMC) data from surface tension curves of two mixed systems showed that the mole fraction of each bile salt in the mixed micelles
near the CMC is lower than that of the corresponding prepared mole fraction in the mixed solution. The polarity of the interior
suggested that the hydrophobicity of intramicelles increased with the increase of the mole fraction of bile salt in the mixed
solution and that the mixed micelles become dramatically more hydrophobic at a mole fraction of 0.68 for NaGC−C10E8 system and 0.75 for NaC−C10E8 system, respectively. This implies that the micelles become richer in the bile salt molecules and the tendency appears strongly
for NaGC−C10E8 system due to the strong cohesion between the conjugated glycines in the NaGC molecules. The decrease of aggregation number
with the increase of the mole fraction of bile salts shows that the micelles approach those of the single system of each bile
salt. This supports the previously mentioned facts. 相似文献