含氟聚酰亚胺的辐射交联及其交联度的XPS表征

含氟聚酰亚胺(FPI)是一种耐高温、耐水解的新型聚酰亚胺。到目前为止,尚未见文献报道它的辐射交联。本文发现它能在高温辐射下交联,交联后的含氟聚酰亚胺的玻璃化转变温度以及高温力学性能有明显提高。本文还首次用XPS方法做了它的交联度表征。用XPS方法求得FPI的凝胶化剂量为50Mrad。     

中原高温高盐油藏疏水缔合聚合物凝胶调剖剂研究

针对中原油田高温(>80℃)、高盐度(>50 g/L)、高硬度(>1 g/L)砂岩油藏,研制了地下成胶的高热稳定性聚合物凝胶调剖剂。所用聚合物为疏水缔合聚合物AP-P4,M=9.0×106,HD=27%,疏水基摩尔分数0.2%;交联剂为可生成酚醛树脂的3种化合物;调剖剂胶液用矿化度160 g/L的马寨油田污水配制;实验温度95℃。根据形成的凝胶黏度(95℃,1.1 s-1)确定交联剂各组分用量为:MZ-YL 0.429%,MZ-BE 0.060%,MZ-XS 0.012%;酸度调整剂用量0.12%;成胶时间10~15小时。2.5、3.0、3.5 g/L AP-P4的凝胶在95℃老化100天后黏度保持在~40 Pa.s及以上。初配制胶液在3000 r/min下剪切15分钟后黏度降低87.5%~89.0%,但成胶后和老化过程中凝胶黏度只比未剪切样降低17.1%~6.6%。3.5 g/L AP-P4的调剖剂对~1μm2的6支储层岩心的堵塞率在88.1%~95.8%范围,平均93.3%,造成的残余阻力系数在15.2~28.6范围,平均19.8,使渗透率级差2.3~8.0的4组双人造岩心的注水流量比发生不同程度的反转。认为该凝胶调剖剂高温下稳定性好的原因,是强化学交联密度低,因而凝胶脱水收缩作用弱。图2表5参5。     

Mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of peroxide‐cured silicone rubber foams

Silicone rubber (SR) foams were prepared by the peroxide curing of a silicone compound with 2,4‐dichlorobenzoyl peroxide (DCBP), di‐t‐butyl peroxide (DTBP), or 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(t‐butylperoxy) hexane (DBPH) in the presence of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a blowing agent. The cells were formed in the foam as a result of nitrogen produced by the decomposition of AIBN during the foaming process. The cell size, hardness, and tensile properties of the SR foams were examined as a function of the peroxide concentration. When the peroxide concentration increased, the hardness and tensile strength of the SR foams increased, whereas the cell size and elongation at break decreased. The antibacterial activity of the prepared foams was also evaluated via their effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The peroxide‐cured SR foams had antibacterial activity because a toxic residue was generated by the peroxide decomposition. The foam prepared by the AIBN/DCBP system showed more antibacterial activity than the AIBN/DBPH and AIBN/DTBP ones. However, after postcuring at 250°C for 2 h, the antibacterial activity of the SR foams significantly decreased. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Novel thermally and mechanically stable hydrogel for enzyme immobilization of penicillin G acylase via covalent technique

κ‐Carrageenan hydrogel crosslinked with protonated polyethyleneimine (PEI⁺) and glutaraldehyde (GA) was prepared and evaluated as a novel biocatalytic support for covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA). The method of modification of the carrageenan biopolymer is clearly illustrated using a schematic diagram and was verified by FTIR, elemental analysis, DSC, and INSTRON using the compression mode. Results showed that the gels' mechanical strength was greatly enhanced from 3.9 kg/cm² to 16.8 kg/cm² with an outstanding improvement in the gels thermal stability. It was proven that, the control gels were completely dissolved at 35°C, whereas the modified gels remained intact at 90°C. The DSC thermogram revealed a shift in the endothermic band of water from 62 to 93°C showing more gel‐crosslinking. FTIR revealed the presence of the new functionality, aldehydic carbonyl group, at 1710 cm^?1 for covalent PGA immobilization. PGA was successfully immobilized as a model industrial enzyme retaining 71% of its activity. The enzyme loading increased from 2.2 U/g (control gel) to 10 U/g using the covalent technique. The operational stability showed no loss of activity after 20 cycles. The present support could be a good candidate for the immobilization of industrial enzymes rich in amino groups, especially the thermophilic ones. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Dynamic photorheological analysis of photopolymerizable urethane dimethacrylate resins with varying diluent content and light fluence

The in situ measurement of dynamic changes in viscosity induced by illumination has been performed on a range of photosensitive urethane dimethacrylates (UDMA) evaluating the response at three different illuminations intensities (1, 2, and 5 W cm^?2) and at three different diluent concentrations (15, 30, and 50%), using 1,6‐hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA). The initial viscosity value ranged between 1 and 10 Pa s for the mixtures with final viscosities approaching 1 × 10⁷ Pa s after illumination. The initial rise in viscosity was analyzed using an exponential model with an exponent ranging from 1.0 to 2.5 with time under exposure. Higher conversion rates were observed with both higher intensity and lower HDDMA content. The analytical approach taken here could aid in developing more sophisticated models that consider simultaneous flow and cure advancement in other thermosets. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Bile acids as constituents for dental composites: in vitro cytotoxicity of (meth)acrylate and other ester derivatives of bile acids.

Methacrylic derivatives of bile acids have been synthesized for use as monomers in dental composites. Polymeric dental materials are known to leach cytotoxic unreacted monomers and degradation products. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of bile acids and their derivatives towards 3T3 fibroblasts has been evaluated by colorimetric MTT assay and compared with that of the common dental monomers BisGMA, UDMA and TEGDMA. In general, the bile acids and their derivatives induced mitochondrial dysfunction at similar or higher concentrations than the commercial dental monomers. Certain monomers did not influence MTT response over their entire range of solubility.     

新型聚丙烯酸(934P、980)树脂的制备

详细研究了以乙酸乙酯和环己烷为溶剂，丙烯酸为单体，BPO，LPO，AIBN为引发剂，聚烯基多醚为交联剂，合成增稠能力强、透明度高的聚丙烯酸树脂。于混和溶剂存在下制得的聚合物，消除了以往由二氯甲烷为溶剂的反应介质中所得产品的毒性，可广泛应用于医药及日用化工等行业。     

聚烯烃塑料改性的研究进展

聚乙烯、聚丙烯以优良的力学性能、热性能、加工性能等成为最主要的聚烯烃塑料品种,大量用于生产薄膜、管材和板材。通过改性可获得高刚性、高强度、高耐热、低成本的聚烯烃塑料。综述了近年来聚乙烯和聚丙烯在接枝、交联、填充、共混等方面的改性进展,并指出了研究方向和发展趋势。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers crosslinked with disulfonyl azides

A novel method for the crosslinking of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers is described using 1,6‐hexanedisulfonyl azide, 1,3‐benzenedisulfonyl azide, and 2,6‐naphthalenedisulfonyl azide. The azides are diffused into poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers (Dacron) from perchloroethylene solution, and the fibers are heat treated to bring about decomposition of the sulfonyl azide and give rise to crosslinking. A study is made of the mechanical and thermal properties of the resultant fibers, which are changed considerably in comparison to the untreated fiber. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1517–1527, 2002     

氯丁橡胶的溶液接枝反应研究

本文研究了引发剂过氧化苯甲酰的用量对ＣＲ接技ＭＭＡ－ＡＡ反应的单体转化率、接枝率及接枝胶的粘度、剥离强度等的影响，并用红外光谱和元素和元素分析对反应产物进行了表征．结果表明，体系中存在接枝、降解、交联三种反应，在不同的配方和工艺条件下，三种反应的反应程度不同．