Sulfite-Formaldehyde Pulping and Oxygen Delignification of Wheat Straw

In this study,wheat straw pulp was prepared by sulfiteformaldehyde(SF) pulping combined with oxygen delignification to develop a sustainable methodology for chemical pulping of straw materials.The bleachability of oxygen-delignified SF pulp was also evaluated by hypochlorite bleaching.The results indicated that the Na_2SO_3 charge played an important role in lignin removal during SF pulping as well as oxygen delignification.The efficiency of oxygen delignification of wheat straw SF pulp was markedly high.After the oxygenation stage,the Kappa number decreased by over 50%(the original Kappa number of SF pulp was lower than 30) when the Na OH charge was in the range of 3%~5%.The optimal conditions for preparing bleached pulp via combined SF pulping and oxygen delignification involved the use of 12% of Na_2SO_3 and 3% of Na OH,respectively.Pulp with relatively high brightness,a low Kappa number,as well as an acceptable viscosity could be obtained when oxygen-delignified SF pulp was bleached with hypochlorite under a low active chlorine dosage.     

抗衰老研究新模型—酵母细胞活性氧代谢研究进展

衰老是机体正常代谢过程中产生自由基随机破坏性的作用结果,活性氧代谢在自由基的研究中具有重要意义,而酵母作为衰老自由基学说的新模式生物,随着抗衰老活性物质与功能性食品的深入研究而被日益重视。基于对酵母活性氧代谢机制的阐明,探讨其对于细胞氧化、衰老、凋亡和寿命的影响和在抗衰老研究中的应用,并在此基础上提出仍然存在的问题和未来的发展前景。     

预水解硫酸盐法生产溶解浆技术

主要介绍了预水解硫酸盐法生产溶解浆的技术,重点对置换蒸煮、氧脱木素和漂白工艺的选择作了说明。     

溶氧(DO)对混菌发酵生产Nisin影响的研究

Nisin(乳酸链球菌素)是由乳酸菌产生的一种抑菌活性肽。其在生产过程中需要控制发酵体系的pH,以避免由于乳酸菌代谢积累的乳酸导致pH迅速降低抑制菌体生长。本文采用以能够代谢消耗乳酸的酵母菌为辅助发酵菌的新型混菌发酵方法,在小试条件下研究了在混菌发酵过程中对菌体特别是酵母菌代谢有显著影响的因素溶氧(DO)对混菌发酵生产过程中发酵体系的pH与乳酸含量的变化nisin产量的影响。结果表明,不同水平溶氧对混菌发酵体系中两种菌的生长及代谢产物生成有一定影响。DO 10%与DO 30%时的nisin效价的水平波动范围为24.35%;在分阶段控制发酵体系溶氧水平的条件下获得了较高的nisin效价,效价水平比恒定溶氧提高45.38%。说明分阶段控制发酵体系溶氧水平是较为理想的溶氧控制策略。     

基于稳定氢氧同位素技术的花生油掺假检测技术研究

建立了高温裂解/元素分析-稳定同位素比值质谱联用技术（TC/EA-IRMS）测定油脂稳定氢氧同位素比值（δ2H和δ18O）的方法,并根据氢氧同位素特征开展花生油掺假检测技术研究。对28个花生样品、5个大豆样品和6个油菜籽样品榨油后测定δ2H值和δ18O值,结果发现三种油的δ2H值分布范围分别为-231.50‰~-213.69‰、-183.11‰~-169.53‰和-192.17‰~-175.82‰;δ18O值分布范围为14.06‰~16.77‰、19.77‰~20.98‰和24.31‰~27.45‰;其中花生油的δ2H值与大豆油和菜籽油存在显著性差异（p＜0.01）,模拟实验表明根据氢氧同位素特征可检测花生油中掺入大豆油或菜籽油。通过对氢氧同位素比值的二维分布对比,可以更为全面的评价和鉴别花生油的掺杂掺假情况,为花生油的掺假鉴别提供了研究基础和技术支持。     

采后不同温度预贮对雾化栽培微型马铃薯的愈伤效果及其机理

研究采后不同温度预贮对雾化栽培（以下简称雾培）微型马铃薯愈伤的影响,并进一步探讨其促进愈伤的可能机理。以‘通薯1号’雾培微型马铃薯为试材,在无损伤的条件下,分别于4、15 ℃和25 ℃（相对湿度86%～88%）黑暗环境中预贮20 d。测定预贮期间块茎的质量损失率,观察块茎周皮细胞中软木脂（包括聚酚软木脂（suberin polyphenolics,SPP）和聚酯软木脂（suberin polyaliphatics,SPA））的积累及木栓化情况,分析块茎周皮组织苯丙烷和活性氧代谢的变化。结果表明,15 ℃预贮显著促进了周皮组织处SPP、SPA的积累和木栓化。预贮第5天,与4、25 ℃预贮相比,15 ℃预贮块茎周皮组织处SPP细胞层厚度分别显著增加50.90%和26.94%（P＜0.05）,SPA细胞层厚度分别显著增加44.89%和30.23%（P＜0.05）,木栓化细胞层厚度分别显著增加27.66%和8.18%（P＜0.05）。相同预贮时间,15 ℃预贮显著提高了块茎周皮组织苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL）的活力（P＜0.05）,增加了总酚、类黄酮和木质素的含量。第5天时,15 ℃预贮块茎PAL活力较4 ℃和25 ℃分别显著增加了34.46%和12.64%（P＜0.05）;总酚和类黄酮含量较4 ℃预贮分别增加11.93%和40.05%,较25 ℃预贮分别增加2.72%和15.50%。第20天时,15 ℃预贮块茎木质素含量较4 ℃和25 ℃分别显著增加24.50%和8.24%（P＜0.05）。此外,相同预贮时间下,15 ℃预贮明显增加了块茎周皮组织处H2O2、超氧阴离子的含量以及过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）活力。综上,采后15 ℃预贮可通过激活周皮组织苯丙烷和活性氧代谢,增强周皮组织处软木脂的积累和木栓化,进而加速雾培微型马铃薯的愈伤。     

藤茶多糖的抗氧化作用研究

目的: 探讨藤茶多糖的体内外抗氧化作用。 方法: (1)测定藤茶多糖(Ampelopsis Grossedentata polysaccharide,AGP)的还原能力;(2)测定AGP在化学模拟体系、体外血清的抗活性氧能力;(3)测定AGP对小鼠肝匀浆、小鼠肝线粒体MDA生成的影响;(4)用分光光度法测定H2O2诱导小鼠红细胞溶血和Fe2+-VC诱导的肝线粒体肿胀程度来研究AGP的抗氧化效果;(5)小鼠随机分成对照与AGP组,腹腔注射AGP 150mg/kg•bw•d 12d后,测定小鼠血清抗活性氧能力及肝组织MDA含量。 结果: AGP具有一定的还原能力,一定浓度范围内具有显著的体外抗活性氧能力并能抑制小鼠肝组织及肝线粒体MDA的生成,可减少红细胞诱导溶血和肝线粒体肿胀程度,对小鼠体内肝组织MDA生成的抑制作用显著。 结论: AGP一定浓度范围内具有抗氧化作用。     

Transcriptome Analyses of Adipose Tissue Samples Identify EGFL6 as a Candidate Gene Involved in Obesity-Related Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Children

Obesity develops early in childhood and is accompanied by early signs of adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction and metabolic disease in children. In order to analyse the molecular processes during obesity-related AT accumulation in children, we investigated genome-wide expression profiles in AT samples, isolated adipocytes, and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and assessed their relation to obesity as well as biological and functional AT parameters. We detected alterations in gene expression associated with obesity and related parameters, i.e., BMI SDS, adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration, adiponectin, and/or leptin. While differential gene expression in AT and adipocytes shared an enrichment in metabolic pathways and pathways related to extracellular structural organisation, SVF cells showed an overrepresentation in inflammatory pathways. In adipocytes, we found the strongest positive association for epidermal growth factor-like protein 6 (EGFL6) with adipocyte hypertrophy. EGFL6 was also upregulated during in vitro adipocyte differentiation. In children, EGFL6 expression was positively correlated to parameters of AT dysfunction and metabolic disease such as macrophage infiltration into AT, hs-CRP, leptin levels, and HOMA-IR. In conclusion, we provide evidence for early alterations in AT gene expression related to AT dysfunction in children and identified EGFL6 as potentially being involved in processes underlying the pathogenesis of metabolic disease.     

磁悬浮球系统控制器的分析设计

从磁悬浮球的物理模型出发,建立了磁悬浮球系统的线性化数学模型,在模型分析的基础上,对控制策略进行了分析与研究.重点介绍了通过积分分离和微分先行两种方法对PID控制器进行优化设计的方案.仿真研究表明,所设计的控制器较好地满足了系统的要求.     

基于多Agent的机器人氧等离子切割系统

介绍了一种机器人氧等离子切割控制系统的设计方法.运用多智能体系统理论思想,从系统架构和系统控制两方面分析了系统原理,并着重研究了系统集成技术的工程实现.最后通过工程实例,将多Agent集成策略应用于机器人自动化系统,提高了系统的设计效率,降低了工程难度.