Screen-printed carbon electrode for choline based on MnO2 nanoparticles and choline oxidase/polyelectrolyte layers

This paper presents the amperometric biosensor that determines choline and cholinesterase activity using a screen printed graphite electrode. In order to detect H₂O₂ we have blanket modified the electrode material with manganese dioxide nanoparticles layer. Using layer-by-layer technique on the developed hydrogen peroxide sensitive electrode surface choline oxidase was incorporated into the interpolyelectrolyte nanofilm. Its ability to serve as a detector of choline in bulk analysis and cholinesterase assay was investigated. We examined the interferences from red-ox species and heavy metals in the blood and in the environmental sample matrixes. The sensor exhibited a linear increase of the amperometric signal at the concentration of choline ranging from 1.3 × 10⁻⁷ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ M, with a detection limit (evaluated as 3σ) of 130 nM and a sensitivity of 103 mA M⁻¹ cm⁻² under optimized potential applied (480 mV vs. Ag/AgCl). The biosensor retained its activity for more than 10 consecutive measurements and kept 75% of initial activity for three weeks of storage at 4 °C. The R.S.D. was determined as 1.9% for a choline concentration of 10⁻⁴ M (n = 10) with a typical response time of about 10 s. The developed choline biosensor was applied for butyrylcholinesterase assay showing a detection limit of 5 pM (3σ). We used the biosensor to develop the cholinesterase inhibitor assay. Detection limit for chlorpyrifos was estimated as 50 pM.     

纳米SiO2—x填充LDPE配复合棚膜的制备及结构和性能表征

以 ＬＤＰＥ为基体制备了纳米ＳｉＯ_(２－ｘ)／ＬＤＰＥ复合棚膜。利用万能拉力试验机测定了棚膜的机械性能。利用红外光谱、紫外光谱研究了棚膜的光学性质;利用ＳＥＭ研究了纳米复合棚膜料的内部结构。结果表明：尽管目前研制的棚膜的力学性能无显著改善,但棚膜中纳米ＳｉＯ_２－ｘ对７～１４μｍ的红外线具有屏蔽作用,对紫外线也有屏蔽作用,可提高棚膜的光学特性,为提高作物品质创造条件。     

Coatings of indium tin oxide nanoparticles on various flexible polymer substrates: Influence of surface topography and oscillatory bending on electrical properties

Abstract— Coatings of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles on different flexible polymer substrates were investigated with respect to the achievable sheet resistance and their electrical behavior under oscillatory bending. As substrate materials, polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyimide (PI) were chosen, the surface resistances on the different polymer substrates were compared as a function of annealing temperature and surface topography. The surface topography, which has a strong influence on the surface resistance, was characterized by means of a white‐light confocal (WL‐CF) microscope. On the PET substrate, which exhibits the smoothest surface, the coating of ITO nanoparticles shows the lowest sheet resistance of 2 kΩ/□ for a layer thickness of 3 μm and an annealing temperature of 200°C. Furthermore, the electrical behavior of coatings of ITO nanoparticles under oscillatory bending was investigated using a special device. These coatings show a cyclic change of the conductivity which can be explained by an alternating compression and extension of crack flanks under the applied stress. Due to the growing number of cracks with increasing number of cycles, a decrease of the conductivity is observed in the bent state as well as in the balanced state. For a small bending radii, the decrease of the conductivity is stronger due to more cracks caused by the higher tensile stresses in the layer. The electrical behavior of the coatings of the annealed ITO nanoparticles on PET films under oscillatory bending was compared with commercially available sputtered ITO coatings. The annealed coatings of ITO nanoparticles demonstrate better electrical properties under oscillatory bending than coatings of sputtered ITO. The different electrical behavior under oscillatory bending can be related to differences in crack formation.     

Size Distribution of Gold Nanoparticles Used by Small Angle X-ray Scattering

The size distribution of gold nanoparticles was estimated based on the scattering intensity data obtained from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and compared with the result of micrographs by transmission electron microscopy. The slope of the Guinier plot was used to estimate the mean size assuming a narrow particle size distribution. When the size distribution is narrow, the mean size can be easily obtained from slope of a Guinier plot of scattering data within 10% error. Additionally, assuming a lognormal size distribution, the size distribution and the mean size can be calculated using the experimental SAXS data in the fitting analysis. The histogram method, which utilizes the coefficient matrix of scattering intensity, was also applied to the estimation of the size distribution, and this method could be useful for a rough estimate of the size distribution.     

Fabrication of nanoscaled silica layer on the surfaces of submicron SiO2-Ag core-shell spheres

A two-step silica deposition process, including prefunctionalization with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and the following silica deposition, has been used to fabricate silica layer on the surface of nanoscaled silver shell. The influencing parameters of silica coating process were optimized to prevent the precoated silver nanoparticles from desquamating from silica spheres, finally to obtain mono-dispersed silica spheres with silver and silica multilayer films. The resulted silica layer was dense and uniform, its thickness was controllable in the range of 20–50 nm. Such coated silica layer can provide improved thermal stability of the SiO₂-Ag core-shell structural spheres.     

硒化镉纳米粒子与碘化三甲氨基苯基卟啉钻复合膜光学性能研究

为了探索CdSe纳米粒子合成的最佳条件及其与碘化三甲氨基苯基卟啉钴（CoTAPPI）复合膜的光学性能，采用湿化学法合成了CdSe纳米粒子；利用逐层沉积法组装了CdSe—CoTAPPI复合膜。用紫外-可见吸收光谱监测了成膜过程。利用荧光光谱比较系统地研究了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）、放置时间、热处理、紫外光照射等条件对复合膜发光性能的影响，结果发现复合膜的发光性能相对于单一组份的CASe纳米粒子和CoTAPPI都有很大程度改变。     

Modeling of the Electrostatic (Plasmon) Resonances in Metallic and Semiconductor Nanoparticles

Plasmon (electrostatic) resonances are treated as an eigenvalue problem for specific boundary integral equation. This leads to direct calculation of resonance values of permittivity and resonance frequency. The technique is illustrated by numerical examples of calculation of resonance frequencies for 3D nanoparticles.