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41.
Titanium Dioxide, TiO2, is a photocatalyst with a unique characteristic. A surface coated with TiO2 exhibits an extremely high affinity for water when exposed to UV light and the contact angle decreases nearly to zero. Inversely, the contact angle increases when the surface is shielded from UV. This superhydrophilic nature gives a self-cleaning effect to the coated surface and has already been applied to some construction materials, car coatings and so on. We applied this property to the enhancement of boiling heat transfer. An experiment involving the pool boiling of pure water has been performed to make clear the effect of high wettability on heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer surface is a vertical copper cylinder of 17 mm in diameter and the measurement has been done at saturated temperature and in a steady state. Both TiO2-coated and non-coated surfaces were used for comparison. In the case of the TiO2-coated surface, it is exposed to UV light for a few hours before experiment and it is found that the maximum heat flux (CHF) is about two times larger than that of the uncoated surface. The temperature at minimum heat flux (MHF) for the superhydrophilic surface is higher by 100 K than that for the normal one. The superhydrophilic surface can be an ideal heat transfer surface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
42.
Fernando J Beltrn F Javier Rivas Olga Gimeno 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(9):973-984
Photocatalytic ozonation (1O3 + VUV + TiO2), ozonation (O3), catalytic ozonation (O3 + TiO2), ozone photolysis (O3 + VUV), photocatalysis (TiO2 + VUV) and photolysis (VUV) have been compared in terms of formation of intermediates, extent of, mineralization (TOC, COD, chloride, nitrate) and kinetics in the aqueous treatment of three phenols (phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol). In all cases, photocatalytic ozonation led to lower degradation times for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal. Intermediates formed were similar in the different oxidation systems with some exceptions. They can be classified into three different types: polyphenols (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone), unsaturated carboxylic acids (maleic and fumaric acids) and saturated carboxylic acids (glyoxylic, formic and oxalic acids). First order kinetic equations have been checked for the oxidation processes studied in the case of the parent compound. Rate constants of these systems have also been calculated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
43.
In this paper, we examine, both experimentally and theoretically, the kinetics of formation and microstructure of product
phases in thin film reactions, using the Nb/Al and Ti/Al systems as our prototypes. The results of calorimetry and microscopy
studies are interpreted using simple kinetic and morphology models. In particular, the kinetic models employed here focus
on the nucleation and growth components of the phase formation process and the morphology models provide a starting point
for the classification of product grain structures.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
44.
本文用大视场光学显微镜、电子探针观察和分析了掺钛蓝宝石激光晶体中夹杂物的形状、尺寸大小及元素组成,并提出消除和减少这些夹杂物的方法. 相似文献
45.
钛容器的特点 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
黄嘉琥 《石油化工设备技术》1996,17(5):19-24
根据钛材的化学、物理、力学和工艺性能介绍了钛容器在设计、制造、检验和应用方面的特点。 相似文献
46.
为了改善M2高速钢共晶碳化物的分布,本文利用小凝固试样变质的方法研究了Ti,N和Mg对M2高速钢凝固组织和硬度的影响。试验结果表明,加入Ti或Ti-N后,共晶碳化物形态和分布有很大改善,而加入Ti-N后对凝固组织有轻微的细化作用,但只添加Ti不补碳时,钢的淬火硬度和回火硬度均下降;加入适量的Mg可以使片状的M2C型共晶碳化物转为鱼骨状的M6C型共晶碳化物,使其分布有所改善,Ti和Mg复合加入可以明 相似文献
47.
利用先进的Gleeble-2000热模拟试验机,对GCr15轴承钢某一轧制过程进行模拟试验,测定出GCr15轴承钢动态CCT曲线,并结合微观组织分析,制定合理的GCr15轴承钢轧后控制冷却工艺,以期达到提高GCr15轴承钢质量的最终目的。 相似文献
48.
助催化剂对TiCl_4/MgCl_2催化丙烯高温聚合的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
研究了助催化剂种类(三甲基铝、三异丁基铝、三正己基铝、三乙基铝和甲基铝氧烷)及其含量对无内、外给电子体的TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂催化丙烯高温(100℃)聚合性能的影响,并用结晶分级分析、示差扫描量热和凝胶渗透色谱等方法分析了所得聚丙烯的结晶熔融行为和微观结构。实验结果表明,聚合温度从70℃升至100℃时,TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂的定向能力基本不变;100℃聚合时,以烷基化能力较弱的三异丁基铝为助催化剂时TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂的活性最高,而采用烷基化能力最强的三甲基铝为助催化剂时TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂的活性最低;100℃聚合时,助催化剂的种类对TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂的定向能力影响很小。 相似文献
49.
We have used x-ray phase analysis to study the composition of the products of reaction between oxygen and nanocrystalline
powders with particle sizes 15, 40, 55, and 80 nm, and also specimens pressed (and sintered) from them. The powders were oxidized
in air at 100°C (400 h) to 500°C (5 min), while the sintered specimens were oxidized at 600–900°C for 15, 120, and 240 min.
In all cases, in the initial oxidation step the oxynitride Ti(OxNy) is formed, which over time is oxidized to TiO, Ti2O3, Ti3O5, TiO2 (anatase) and TiO2 (rutile). In the range 600–800°C, formation of a continuous oxide layer and conversion of anatase to rutile slows down diffusion
of oxygen in the scale. We have established that at 900°C, the growth rate of the scale thickness increases and so the reflections
from the oxynitride are barely noticeable on the diffraction patterns taken from the surface of the oxidized specimen. In
these diffraction patterns, along with strong reflections from the rutile, we also observed weak reflections from lower oxides
and anatase, which may be due to reaction between oxygen and the titanium ions diffused to the scale surface. We have concluded
that at T > 850°C, the mechanism for oxidation of TiN changes. This is due to superposition of counterdiffusion of titanium
ions on the diffusion of oxygen.
__________
Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 3–4(448), pp. 72–78, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
50.
从退火态原位TiCp/Fe复合材料的切削力和切屑形状方面分析了其切削性能。研究结果表明其切削力及切削力的波动范围都小于铸态45钢,其切削性能比45钢好。TiCp/Fe复合材料的切屑为C形屑、长紧卷屑和发条状卷屑,在机加工中,产生这几种切屑是比较理想的。从切屑方面看,TiCp/Fe复合材料的切削性能较好。 相似文献