Clustering-based topical Web crawling using CFu-tree guided by link-context

Topical Web crawling is an established technique for domain-specific information retrieval. However, almost all the conventional topical Web crawlers focus on building crawlers using different classifiers, which needs a lot of labeled training data that is very difficult to label manually. This paper presents a novel approach called clustering-based topical Web crawling which is utilized to retrieve information on a specific domain based on link-context and does not require any labeled training data. In order to collect domain-specific content units, a novel hierarchical clustering method called bottom-up approach is used to illustrate the process of clustering where a new data structure, a linked list in combination with CFu-tree, is implemented to store cluster label, feature vector and content unit. During clustering, four metrics are presented. First, comparison variation （CV） is defined to judge whether the closest pair of clusters can be merged. Second, cluster impurity （CIP） evaluates the cluster error. Then, the precision and recall of clustering are also presented to evaluate the accuracy and comprehensive degree of the whole clustering process. Link-context extraction technique is used to expand the feature vector of anchor text which improves the clustering accuracy greatly. Experimental results show that the performance of our proposed method overcomes conventional focused Web crawlers both in Harvest rate and Target recall.     

Neuronal ApoE Regulates the Cell-to-Cell Transmission of α-Synuclein

The presence of protein inclusions, called Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs), in the brain is the main feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidence that the prion-like propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn), as a major component of LBs and LNs, plays an important role in the progression of PD has gained much attention, although the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated whether neuronal ApoE regulates the cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn and explored its molecular mechanism using in vitro and in vivo model systems. We demonstrate that neuronal ApoE deficiency attenuates both α-syn uptake and release by downregulating LRP-1 and LDLR expression and enhancing chaperone-mediated autophagy activity, respectively, thereby contributing to α-syn propagation. In addition, we observed that α-syn propagation was attenuated in ApoE knockout mice injected with pre-formed mouse α-syn fibrils. This study will help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying α-syn propagation.     

Macro- and Nanoscale Effect of Ethanol on Bovine Serum Albumin Gelation and Naproxen Release

We report extended ethanol-induced gelation procedures of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 37 °C and investigate the release behavior of a spin-labeled naproxen derivative (SL-NPX) from these hydrogels. The macroscopic mechanical properties of these gels during formation were studied using rheology, while a nanoscopic, more molecular view was obtained by analyzing the secondary structure of the protein during gelation via infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. To evaluate the potential use of BSA hydrogels in controlled drug delivery, SL-NPX-BSA interaction was investigated in detail by continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy, which provides information on the interaction of the small drug molecules and the hydrogel. In addition to CW EPR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), which provides insight into the size and nature of released components, was applied to characterize the combined influence of incubation time, ethanol, SL-drug, and BSA concentration on release behavior. It was found that the alteration of initial drug loading percentage, hydrogel incubation time as well as BSA and alcohol concentrations affect and thus tune the release rate of SL-NPX from BSA hydrogels. These results lead to the conclusion that BSA hydrogels as controlled release systems offer a remarkable fine-tuning capability for pharmaceutical applications due to the variety of gelation parameters.     

Biomimetic Modification of Water-Borne Polymer Coating with Carnauba Wax for Controlled Release of Urea

Benefitting from the special structure of the leaf cuticle layer, plants have natural hydrophobicity and anti-fouling abilities. Inspired by the leaf surface structure, a biomimetic modification strategy was raised to improve the surface hydrophobicity of polyacrylate coating for controlled release fertilizer. Double-layer (polyacrylate and carnauba wax) coated fertilizer was obtained after biomimetic modification. The quality of controlled release fertilizer modified with the carnauba wax was greatly enhanced, and the coating material was effectively saved. The surface appearance of polyacrylate-coated fertilizer was improved for the surface blemish was repaired by the loaded carnauba wax. The characterizations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the hydrogen bonds were formed between the water-based polyacrylate membrane and the carnauba wax layers. By optimizing the content of polyacrylate and carnauba wax, the release duration of the fertilizer was effectively prolonged, which was improved from 1 month to more than 2 months after the biomimetic modification. Therefore, biological wax as an environmentally-friendly natural material that has showed a broad potential in the application of coated controlled release fertilizer.     

MIL-100(Fe) Sub-Micrometric Capsules as a Dual Drug Delivery System

Nanoparticles of metal–organic frameworks (MOF NPs) are crystalline hybrid micro- or mesoporous nanomaterials that show great promise in biomedicine due to their significant drug loading ability and controlled release. Herein, we develop porous capsules from aggregate of nanoparticles of the iron carboxylate MIL-100(Fe) through a low-temperature spray-drying route. This enables the concomitant one-pot encapsulation of high loading of an antitumor drug, methotrexate, within the pores of the MOF NPs, and the collagenase enzyme (COL), inside the inter-particular mesoporous cavities, upon the formation of the capsule, enhancing tumor treatment. This association provides better control of the release of the active moieties, MTX and collagenase, in simulated body fluid conditions in comparison with the bare MOF NPs. In addition, the loaded MIL-100 capsules present, against the A-375 cancer cell line, selective toxicity nine times higher than for the normal HaCaT cells, suggesting that MTX@COL@MIL-100 capsules may have potential application in the selective treatment of cancer cells. We highlight that an appropriate level of collagenase activity remained after encapsulation using the spray dryer equipment. Therefore, this work describes a novel application of MOF-based capsules as a dual drug delivery system for cancer treatment.     

基于尖点突变理论的矿房间矿柱的稳定性分析

为了便于分析,对矿房矿柱系统进行了简化,简化后变为固支梁-矿柱力学系统,同时建立了它们的力学模型。根据力学系统的本构关系,确立了尖点突变理论模型。通过分析表明矿柱失稳只跟矿房矿柱自身的内部条件有关,而与外界的作用无关。同时还研究了矿柱突跳失稳的释能机制,研究表明,失稳所释放的能量也仅跟矿房矿柱系统自身有关。最终得出结论,合理优化矿房矿柱自身系统的力学-几何特性参数,破坏产生矿柱突变失稳的充要条件,是控制矿柱稳定性、保证安全生产的有效手段。     

Estimation of temporal changes in oxidation rates of sulphides in copper mine tailings at Laver, Northern Sweden

Tailings containing pyrrhotite were deposited in an impoundment at a copper mine at Laver, Northern Sweden, which operated between 1936 and 1946. Since then the oxidation of sulphides has acidified recipient water courses and contaminated them with metals. Measurements from surface water sampled in 1993, 2001 and 2004-05 from a brook into which the tailing impoundment drains indicate that the amounts of sulphide-associated elements such as Cu, S and Zn released into the brook have decreased over time, while pH has increased. The mass transport of S in the brook during 1993 and 2001 corresponded well with the amount of S estimated to be released from the tailings by oxidation. Secondary precipitates such as covellite and gypsum, which can trap sulphur, were shown in earlier studies to be present in only low amounts. The annual release of elements from the tailings was estimated from the volume of tailings assumed to oxidise each year, which depends on movement of the oxidation front with time. The results indicate that the oxidation rate in the tailings has decreased over time, which may be due to the increased distance over which oxygen needs to diffuse to reach unoxidised sulphide grains, or their cores, in the tailings.     

助剂对CaSO_4载氧体化学链燃烧的影响

在固定床实验台架上,研究了CaSO4和添加助剂的CaSO4与气体燃料发生反应的特性。结果表明:助剂可大幅度地提高CaSO4的反应活性,缩短反应时间。在950℃下,所有复合载氧体的转化率均超过95%。在还原和氧化过程中,载氧体释放的SO2曲线呈单峰特性,且随温度显著增大;温度对COS的释放没有明显的影响作用。含Ni-Fe的载氧体等转化率下硫的损失率最小。通过程序升温还原、X射线衍射和场发射扫描电镜等表征分析,研究了样品的反应性能,成分与结构变化,并提出了一个可能的催化还原反应和硫释放机制。     

一种新的分布式QoS控制动态资源调配算法

该文提出了一种新的分布式环境下用于QoS控制的基于模糊逻辑的动态资源调配(Fuzzy logic based Dynamic Resource Allocation,FDRA)算法。分布式环境采用集中式带宽代理(Bandwidth Brokers, BB))与分布式BB相结合的控制模式。分布式BB基于滑动窗口和滑动指针机制,在分配资源不足时向集中式BB请求追加资源,在占用资源高于需求一定阈值时滞后释放部分追加资源。追加资源块和释放资源块的大小分别由集中式BB和分布式BB根据当前网络负荷状态,采用模糊逻辑确定。模糊逻辑算法引入新的基于数据源特性的隶属度函数生成方法,提高决策的有效性。仿真结果证明,该文提出的算法性能优于已有文献的算法。     

手机信令数据在地质灾害预警中的应用

本文是在地质灾害监测预警项目的实践基础上,结合移动运营商对手机信令数据的侦测应用,提出了基于手机信令数据的地质灾害预警发布的解决方案。该方案可实现地质灾害隐患点威胁区域的人员实时统计、预警信息发布、预警效果判断等功能,弥补了现有基于短信和大喇叭预警发布解决方案的不足。它能有效降低地质灾害发生时造成的人员伤亡,并且适用于我国所有的地质灾害影响区域。