轴承钢的强韧化机制探讨

由于强烈的钢水搅拌,大大加速了反应的动力学,并且促进了钢水夹杂物的排除,这一研究成果已经引起了有关人士的关注。本文探讨了轴承钢（GCr15）的强韧化机制。     

60Si2Mn半固态压缩变形组织演变

利用Gleeble 1 50 0材料热模拟机 ,研究了电磁搅拌的半固态 60Si2Mn在不同的变形量、变形温度以及变形速率下触变成形时的组织演变规律和成形机理 ,并与变形前的微观组织进行了比较。结果表明 ,在半固态条件下随变形量增加或变形温度降低变形区晶粒减小 ,变形速率的影响不明显 ,存在有使晶粒变形的临界变形量与均匀变形的最佳变形温度。     

Study on T700/cyanate/PS/epoxy composites with ex-situ toughening technique

Composites were prepared with polysulfone through ex-situ toughening technique. The dynamic parameters of cyanate/epoxy resin were studied by differential scanning calorimetric（DSC） analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA）. Microstructual toughening mechanism was studied through scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The particle microstructure in interlaminar region of composites toughened through ex-situ toughening technique revealed that a reaction induced phase decomposition and phase inversion happened in the interlaminar region. The thermosetting particles were surrounded by the PS phase, which could signifi cantly improve the delamination resistance of composites. The compression after impact（CAI） can be signifi cantly improved from 180 MPa to 260 MPa by using ex-situ toughening while the mechanical properties are not affected.     

EBA改性对聚碳酸酯增韧性能的影响

采用乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物（EBA）对高抗冲聚碳酸酯（PC）进行增韧改性。分别使用缺口冲击试验机、万能试验机、熔融指数仪和FESEM对PC和EBA增韧的PC的力学性能,流动性和结构形态进行表征。结果表明：随着EBA含量的增加,材料的韧性逐渐增强,10％的EBA增韧PC时,增韧效果较好,冲击强度达81kJ／m2,但共混材料的熔融指数降低到11．5g／10min。因此,在注射成型过程中应适当提高注射成型温度和压力;当EBA用量超过10％时,增韧PC的拉伸强度、弯曲强度有明显下降。     

SiC晶须增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究

用不同的Al_2O_3粉料,采用SiC晶须补强以及加入第三相SiC粒子弥散增韧的方式,研究了SiC晶须Al_2O_3基复合材料的力学性能,得到强度σ_f=780MPa,K_(Ic)=7.6MPa·m~(1/2)的结果。通过不同的分敌途径,对晶须分散效果进行了实验观察和探讨;并讨论了晶须的分散均匀性对力学性能的影响。同时,就晶须团聚体在增韧过程中所起的作用提出了一种新的、可能的增韧机制,合理地解释了实验结果。最后,就三元复合系统中晶须补强和弥散增韧两种途径的迭加效果进行了讨论。     

MAH接枝EPDM增韧PA66的研究

研究了MAH(马来酸酐)接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM—g-MAH)对尼龙66(PA66)的增韧作用。利用SEM(扫描电镜)观察了共混体系的微观形貌(形态结构)，并运用小角激光散射(SALS)方法研究了EPDM的加入对PA66结晶性能的影响。结果表明，未接枝的EPDM与PA66的相容性很差，而EPDM—g—MAH与PA66相容性明显增加，EPDM-g—MAH粒子均匀分散在PA66中，共混体系力学性能有很大提高。随着EPDM—g—MAH用量的增加，PA66球晶尺寸变小，共混体系界面结合更加紧密。     

纳米无机粒子改性聚丙烯研究进展

综述纳米CaCO3、纳米TiO2、纳米SiO2对聚丙烯(PP)的改性研究进展。重点讨论了纳米无机粒子对PP改性的机理和影响因素。结果表明,纳米粒子可改善PP的力学性能(增强、增韧)、抗老化性能及抗菌性能等。     

CaCO3粒子及其增韧母料对聚丙烯材料力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、红外光谱和材料力学性能试验等方法研究了表面处理剂品种、CaCO3粒径及含量对均聚PP／CaCO3、共聚PP／CaCO3和PP／弹性体／CaCO3共混材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，采用平均粒径在1．0μm左右并经端噁唑啉聚醚、烷氧焦磷酸酯型钛酸酯等复合处理的CaCO3或其增韧母料增韧PP，可使均聚PP、共聚PP的缺口冲击强度提高至2．5～3倍，弯曲模量提高至1．2～1．4倍，可以在较少的弹性体用量条件下较大幅度地提高PP/弹性体共混材料的缺口冲击强度，并同时保持较高的弯曲模量和熔体流动性。红外光谱和扫描电镜分析表明，端噁唑啉聚醚等复合偶联助剂在CaCO3表面的作用及其弹性包覆层的形成是加强界面相的粘结、缓冲基体成型收缩应力、减少界面处微裂缝形成和提高材料缺口冲击强度的关键。     

Toughening modification of PS with n‐BA/MMA/styrene core–shell structured copolymer from emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization

Core–shell structured particles, which comprise the rubbery core and glassy layers, were prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization of poly(n‐butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene [P(n‐BA/MMA)/PS]. The particle diameter was about 0.22 μm, and the rubbery core was uncrosslinked and lightly crosslinked, respectively. The smaller core–shell structured particle–toughened PS blends were investigated in detail. The dynamic mechanical behavior and observation by scanning electron microscopy of the modified blend system with core–shell structured particles indicated good compatibility between PS and the particles, which is the necessary qualification for an effective toughening modifier. Notched‐impact strength and related mechanical properties were measured for further evaluation of the toughening efficiency. The notched‐impact strength of the toughened PS blends with uncrosslinked particles reached almost sixfold higher than that of the untoughened PS when 15 phr of the core–shell structured particles was added. For the crosslinked particles the toughening effect for PS was not obvious. The toughening mechanism for these smaller particles also is discussed in this article. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1290–1297, 2003     

High-entropy (Ho0.2Y0.2Dy0.2Gd0.2Eu0.2)2Ti2O7/TiO2 composites with excellent mechanical and thermal properties

High-performance ceramics with low thermal conductivity, high mechanical properties, and idea thermal expansion coefficients have important applications in fields such as turbine blades and automotive engines. Currently, the thermal conductivity of ceramics has been significantly reduced by local doping/substitution or further high-entropy reconfiguration of the composition, but the mechanical properties, especially the fracture toughness, are insufficient and still need to be improved. In this work, based on the high-entropy titanate pyrochlore, TiO₂ was introduced for composite toughening and the high-entropy (Ho_0.2Y_0.2Dy_0.2Gd_0.2Eu_0.2)₂Ti₂O₇-xTiO₂ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0) composites with high hardness (16.17 GPa), Young's modulus (289.3 GPa) and fracture toughness (3.612 MPa·m^0.5), low thermal conductivity (1.22 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹), and thermal expansion coefficients close to the substrate material (9.5 ×10⁻⁶/K) were successfully prepared by the solidification method. The fracture toughness of the composite toughened sample is 2.25 times higher than that before toughening, which exceeds most of the current low-thermal conductivity ceramics.