Effects of welding wire composition and welding process on the weld metal toughness of submerged arc welded pipeline steel

The effects of alloying elements in welding wires and submerged arc welding process on the microstructures and low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals have been investigated.The results indicate that the optimal contents of alloying elements in welding wires can improve the low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals because the proentectoid ferrite and bainite formations can be suppressed,and the fraction of acicular ferrite increases.However,the contents of alloying elements need to vary along with the welding heat input.With the increase in welding heat input,the contents of alloying elements in welding wires need to be increased accordingly.The microstructures mainly consisting of acicular ferrite can be obtained in weld metals after four-wire submerged arc welding using the wires with a low carbon content and appropriate contents of Mn,Mo,Ti-B,Cu,Ni,and RE,resulting in the high low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals.     

尺寸效应对钢筋混凝土梁裂缝的影响

运用断裂力学分析方法并采用断裂韧度判据研究尺寸效应对钢筋混凝土梁裂缝的影响。首先将三点弯曲梁自重、荷载、钢筋以及断裂过程区的粘聚力在裂缝尖端产生的应力强度因子叠加,检验其是否超过断裂韧度,以判断裂缝是否扩展。然后通过增大荷载以及增加裂缝长度的方式迭代计算,求得相应尺寸构件的承载能力,整个计算过程采用Matlab编程来实...     

兆瓦级风电球铁件低温冲击韧性的影响因素

为了获得具有良好低温冲击性能的兆瓦级风电球铁铸件,对实际生产中的附铸试件-20℃ V型缺口冲击性能进行了测试,并对其成分、基体组织、石墨球大小及分布情况进行分析,研究了兆瓦级风力发电机组球铁件低温冲击韧性影响因素.结果表明：在低P、S的前提下,通过合理的熔炼工艺控制,终Si量在2.3%时可以使单位面积的石墨球数量增加,石墨球细小,低温冲击值最佳;Mn在0.2%~0.3%之间变化时对低温冲击韧性影响并不明显;基体组织中珠光体在5%以下时,低温冲击值无明显变化,珠光体大于12.5%时,低温冲击值急剧下降.     

砌体等效断裂韧度的实用解析方法研究

根据砌体准脆性材料的断裂特性,提出了一种基于竖向灰缝模型的求解砌体等效断裂韧度的实用解析方法.首先根据复合材料力学和线弹性断裂力学的基本原理,运用修正的剪滞理论,分区引入变异层,建立了分层剪滞模型;然后根据能量法则,推导出了求解无筋砌体等效断裂韧度的解析计算模式;最后针对相关试验数据,得到了对应数值解的解析解,且与相关试验对应的数值解相比,解析解的均方差和变异系数更小,由此可以看出,本文的解析方法具有很好的鲁棒性.结果还证明了无筋砌体等效断裂韧度是与试件尺寸无关的断裂参数.该方法为砌体结构开裂机理的研究和发展,砌体结构力学性能的研究提供了新的技术路径.     

Theoretical analysis on bending behavior of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites

Ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) obviously show strain hardening property under tensile or bending loading. The failure pattern of the UHTCC components exhibits multiple fine cracks under uniaxial tensile loading with prominent tensile strain capacity in excess of 3%, with merely 60 μm average crack width even corresponding to the ultimate tensile strain state. The approach adopted is based on the concept of functionally-graded concrete, where part of the concrete, which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a RC (reinforced concrete) member, is strategically replaced with UHTCC with excellent crack-controlling ability. Investigations on bending behavior of functionally-graded composite beam crack controlled by UHTCC has been carried out, including theo- retical analysis, experimental research on long composite beams without web reinforcement, validation and comparison between experimental and theoretical results, and analysis on crack control. In addition to improving bearing capacity, the results indicate that functionally-graded composite beams using UHTCC has been found to be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage compared with RC beams. Therefore, durability and service life of the structure could be enhanced. This paper discusses the development of internal force and crack propagation during loading process, and presents analysis of the internal force in different stages, moment-curvature relationship from loading to damage and calculation of mid-span deflection and ductility index. In the end, the theoretical formulae have been validated by experimental results.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of toughened polypropylene composites

The mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of a new flexible composite containing polypropylene fiber (PP) in a random poly(propylene‐co‐ethylene) (PPE) matrix with ethylene–propylene elastomer (EP) was investigated with emphasis on the effect of EP elastomer concentration. The intrinsic composition of the composites, toughening of the matrix with EP and the fiber–matrix interface determined the properties of the composites. Through the incorporation of EP elastomer into the polypropylene–poly (propylene‐co‐ethylene) (all‐PP) composite, tensile and storage modulus (E′) decreased, flexural modulus and loss modulus (E″, damping) increased slightly to 0.15 EP and then decreased. There was an increase in impact resistance for the toughened composites, with about 100% increase in comparison with an untoughened all‐PP composite. The composition corresponding to 0.20 weight fraction EP gave optimum impact and mechanical properties. Creep resistance of the composite decreased with increasing EP content, but recovery showed an increase with increasing EP content up to 0.20. Fracture surfaces of composites after impact tests were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the use and limitation of theoretical equations to predict the tensile and flexural modulus of the flexible PP composite is discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

采用底部开缝立方体劈拉试件测定混凝土起裂断裂韧度

为了测定混凝土起裂断裂韧度,提出了一种采用底部开缝立方体劈拉试件的试验方法,并采用数值分析方法拟合了该加载条件下缝尖的应力强度因子计算公式,通过测量高度为１００ｍｍ、２００ｍｍ和３００ｍｍ,缝高比为０．２、０．３、０．５和０．７的立方体劈拉试件及三点弯曲梁试件的起裂荷载,进而计算起裂断裂韧度并研究其尺寸效应。结果表明,采用底部开缝立方体劈拉试件和三点弯曲梁试件测定的起裂韧度基本一致,计算结果皆无明显尺寸效应,说明提出的方法能够有效测定混凝土起裂断裂韧度。与传统的三点弯曲梁方法相比,该方法具有试件制备简单、试验操作方便等优点,为现有的混凝土断裂参数实验测定提供有效补充。     

粗合成纤维活性粉末混凝土抗弯韧性试验

为研究不同粗合成纤维用量下活性粉末混凝土的抗弯韧性,采用四点弯曲试验对粗合成纤维用量分别为4．75,9．5,14．25,19 kg ？ m -3的纤维活性粉末混凝土试件进行了研究,同时与不掺入纤维的素活性粉末混凝土进行了对比分析。结果表明：不掺入纤维的素活性粉末混凝土弯拉试件发生脆性破坏,试件一裂即断,未得到荷载-挠度曲线的下降段;而粗合成纤维掺入后能够提高活性粉末混凝土的韧性,使弯拉试件转变为明显的延性破坏,荷载-挠度曲线都可得到稳定的下降段,同时曲线还出现了二次强化现象,有2个峰值;随着粗合成纤维掺量的增加,弯拉试件荷载-挠度曲线的下降段愈加平缓,韧性指数增大;粗合成纤维掺量（体积分数）为1．0％～2．0％时,剩余强度在抗折强度的85％以上,此时粗合成纤维对裂后基体具有较强的阻裂能力,能够大大提高弯拉试件开裂后的韧性。     

MPS改性聚合物路面混凝土的若干路用力学性能的研究

针对普通路用混凝土抗折强度低、耐久性低和返修率高等特性,拟采用掺加不同含量甲基丙烯酸甲酯及酚醛树脂粉末的方法,利用聚合物改性混凝土的原理,增强普通路用混凝土的路用性能.试验效果表示随着聚合物掺入量的增加,主要路用性能会逐渐增强,在P=7.5%至10%之间效果最优.