3Cr2W8V钢强韧化处理研究

本文从强韧化机制方面，研究了用于铝合金型材挤压模具的３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ钢在不同热处理工艺条件下的金相组织，显微结构与断口，常温与高温下的力学性能。结果表明，采用１２５０℃以上超高温淬火加４００－５００℃中温回火的强韧化处理工艺，可使该钢同时获得具有良好力学性能和较好韧性、热强性、热稳定性、热疲劳性、耐磨性等相结合的综合性能。     

改善Fe-B-C合金韧性的研究

为了提高Fe-B-C合金的韧性,应用稀土-钛-氮复合变质剂改善Fe-B-C合金组织和性能。结果发现,Fe-B-C合金复合变质处理后的凝固组织明显细化,且组织分布均匀,并出现钛硼化合物,钛硼化合物不同于普通Fe-B-C合金中的Fe2B呈网状分布,而是呈断网状和块状分布,特别是经高温热处理后,硼化物变成球状和棒状,Fe-B-C合金韧性明显提高,由8～10 J/cm2提高至22～25 J/cm2。经变质处理的Fe-B-C合金可用于制造轧钢机导卫板,其耐磨性比高镍铬合金钢提高1.3倍。     

采用不同模型预测低碳Fe–Ni合金等离子熔覆层的冲击韧性

采用等离子熔覆法在Mn13高锰钢上制备了低碳Fe-Ni合金层。以熔覆电流、喷头移动速率、离子气流量和热处理温度作为输入参数,以冲击韧性作为输出参数,建立了BP(误差反向传播)神经网络模型和粒子群算法优化(PSO)BP神经网络模型,并跟冲击韧性与热处理温度之间的线性回归模型进行对比。结果表明,线性回归模型、BP神经网络模型和PSO-BP模型的平均相对误差分别为7.06%、6.12%和3.03%。PSO-BP模型的预测结果与实测值的误差较小。     

Toward Largely Enhanced Toughness and Balanced Strength in PA1012/EPDM Blends via Synergistic Effect of Sacrificial Bonds and Network Structure

Here, zinc-neutralized ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) ionomers with different neutralization levels are prepared through melt blending, and are then incorporated with polyamide 1012 (PA1012) to fabricate PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends. Interestingly, complex crosslinking networks are formed in the blends due to the construction of sacrificial bonds (Zn²⁺-carboxyl, Zn²⁺-amide). The as-formed network structure and sacrificial bond endow the PA/EPDM blends with largely enhanced toughness (16 times higher than that of neat PA), as well as balanced strength and stiffness. Meanwhile, the rheological behaviors of PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends indicate their relative low melting viscosity, which can avoid the processing shortcomings of plastics toughened with rubber. Moreover, PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends show obvious gelation behavior, and a maximum notched Izod impact strength exhibited at the gel point, in which unique double network structure can be observed obviously, indicating that there is a corresponding correlation between the rheological and mechanical parameters. Furthermore, the supper-toughening mechanism of PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends at gel point is explored, which origins from the large deformation and cavitation of rubber particles and the destruction of special double network morphologies. This study provides a novel and effective strategy to fabricate PA materials with outstanding toughness and excellent strength simultaneously.     

A Dual Physical Cross-Linking Strategy to Construct Tough Hydrogels with High Strength,Excellent Fatigue Resistance,and Stretching-Induced Strengthening Effect

Hydrogels with excellent stiffness, toughness, anti-fatigue, and self-recovery properties are regarded as promising water-containing materials. In this work, a dual physically cross-linked (DPC) sodium alginate (SA)/poly[acrylamide (AAm)-acrylic acid (AAc)-octadecyl methacrylate (OMA)]-Fe³⁺ hydrogel is reported, which is constructed by hydrophobic association (HA) and ionic coordination (IC). The optimal DPC hydrogel demonstrates excellent mechanical performance: tensile modulus of 0.65 MPa, tensile strength of 3.31 MPa, elongation at break of 1547%, and toughness of 27.8 MJ m^–3. SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels also exhibit prominent anti-fatigue and self-recovery performance (99.1–109.7% modulus recovery and 90.4–108.9% dissipated energy recovery after resting for 5 min without additional stimuli at ambient temperature) through the reconstruction of reversible physical cross-linking. Some of the SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels even exhibit a stretching-induced strengthening effect, which is similar to the performance of muscle—“the more training, the more strength.” Hence, the combination of HA and IC will provide an effective approach to design DPC hydrogels with desirable mechanical performances and a longer service life for wider applications of soft materials.     

Stereocomplex Crystallization Induced Significant Improvement in Transparency and Stiffness–Toughness Performance of Core-Shell Rubber Nanoparticles Toughened Poly(l-lactide) Blends

Toughening modification of poly(l -lactide) (PLLA) with rubber particles is often realized at the cost of transparency, mechanical strength, and modulus because high rubber loadings are generally required for toughening. In this work, a promising strategy to simultaneously improve the transparency and stiffness–toughness performance of poly(butyl acrylate)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (BAMMA) core-shell rubber nanoparticles toughened PLLA blends by utilizing the stereocomplex (SC) crystallization between PLLA and poly(d -lactide) (PDLA) is devised. The results reveal that the construction of SC crystallites in PLLA matrix via melt-mixing PLLA/BAMMA blends with PDLA can prevent BAMMA nanoparticles from aggregation and promote them to form network-like structure at lower contents. As a result, not only higher toughening efficiency with less rubber contents but also superior transparency is achieved in the PLLA/PDLA/BAMMA blends as compared with the PLLA/BAMMA ones where large aggregated BAMMA clusters are formed. Moreover, the outstanding reinforcement of SC crystallites network for PLLA can impart an enhanced tensile strength and modulus to PLLA/PDLA/BAMMA blends, thus improving the stiffness–toughness performance of PLLA/PDLA/BAMMA blends to a higher degree. This work demonstrates that SC crystallization is a promising solution to solve the contradiction between transparency and mechanical properties and then obtain superior comprehensive performances in rubber toughened PLLA blends.     

高强度高韧性球铁曲轴的生产

研究了合金化，二次孕育，热处理工艺及圆角滚压对球铁曲轴性能的影响，经实际生产验证，此工艺可使抗拉强度超过800MPa，伸长率超过5％。     

汽轮机叶片用1Cr12Mo钢成分与热处理工艺对冲击韧度的影响

1Cr12Mo钢属于马氏体不锈钢，被广泛用于汽轮机亚临界机组的低压叶片。该钢在生产过程中由于冶炼方法的不同其化学成分会在一定范围内变化。对大量生产和试验数据进行分析的结果表明，成分的波动和热处理工艺参数的变化对钢的冲击韧度都有重要的影响。     

HQ130高强钢热影响区组织及韧性

采用金相、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和热模拟方法，研究了不同峰值温度（Ｔｍ）和冷却时间（ｔ８／５）对ＨＱ１３０钢焊接热影响区（ＨＡＺ）显微组织、冲击韧性和断口形态的影响。试验结果表明，峰值温度１３５０℃，ｔ８／５为５～２０ｓ时，ＨＡＺ韧性较好，ｔ８／５为４０ｓ时，ＨＡＺ韧性明显降低。Ｔｍ由１３５０℃降低到８００℃时，ＨＡＺ冲击韧性相应降低；在Ｔｍ＝８００℃附近ＨＡＺ出现脆性区，冲击韧性明显较低；在Ｔｍ＝７００℃附近ＨＡＺ出现回火软化区，冲击韧性较高，硬度明显下降。实际焊接生产中应采用较小的焊接能量（ｑ／ｖ≤２０ｋＪ／ｃｍ），以防止该钢ＨＡＺ软化和脆化现象。     

淬火温度对铸造Fe—B—Ti合金组织和性能的影响

通过不同的热处理淬火温度改变铸造Fe—B—Ti合金的组织，探讨了铸造Fe—B—Ti合金不同组织与性能的关系。试验结果表明：淬火温度较低时，硼化物变化较小，网状分布趋势明显；淬火温度较高时，硼化物断网和团聚化趋势明显加快。淬火温度1050℃时，硼化物网状特征消失，基本上都变成了团块状、颗粒状和杆棒状分布。随着淬火温度升高，硬度和韧性增加，超过1000℃，硬度和韧性变化不明显。淬火温度1050℃时，综合性能良好。