Surface and thermal characteristics of rubber‐modified aromatic polyamide

Polyamide/epoxysilane (coupling agent) composites were reacted with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a condensation product of diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS), by a sol–gel process. Polyamide–PDMS nanocomposites were obtained. The existence of the condensation product of DEDMS and the reaction between the epoxy group and the polyamide were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared, attenuated total reflection, and wide‐scanning X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy and contact‐angle measurements showed that the surface properties of polyamide were greatly improved by the addition of PDMS. The pyrolysis temperature of polyamide with PDMS was approximately 400°C, and the pyrolysis temperature was similar to that of pure polyamide. Also, the char contents increased with the addition of PDMS. The glass‐transition temperature of polyamide with or without PDMS was approximately 140°C according to differential scanning calorimetry. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1947–1955, 2004     

反式—1，4—聚异戊二烯改性聚丙烯的研究

研究了反式－1，4－聚异戊二烯（TPI）的力学性能与交联的关系及不同产联度的TPI对PP的增韧效果。发现TPI能显著提高一种韧性PP（PP／EPDM）的冲击强度，使球晶细化，均一，讨论了其增韧机理。     

热塑性复合材料断裂韧性研究

本文采用ＤＣＢ的ＥＮＦ试验测试了ＰＰＳ／Ｔ３００复合材料的层间断裂韧性，研究了热塑性复合材料的断裂机理，并与热固性复材料作了比较。     

莫来石-堇青石复合材料的制备与性能研究

由热压和液相烧结方法制得了具有各种莫来石含量和显微结构的莫来石-堇青石复合体.研究了各种烧结温度、时间、气氛条件下复合体的致密度和显微结构的改善.还研究了复合体弹性模量、断裂韧性、热膨胀系数与组成之间的关系.研究结果表明,复合体的断裂韧性随莫来石含量和杨氏模量线性增加,粗的针状莫来石由于其穿晶断裂模式而有较高的断裂韧性.     

Toughening of cycloaliphatic epoxy resins by poly(ethylene phthalate) and related copolyesters

Poly(ethylene phthalate) (PEP) and poly(ethylene phthalate–co‐ethylene terephthalate) were used to improve the brittleness of the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin 3,4‐epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4‐epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (Celoxide 2021?), cured with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. The aromatic polyesters used were soluble in the epoxy resin without solvents and effective as modifiers for toughening the cured epoxy resin. For example, the inclusion of 20 wt % PEP (MW, 7400) led to a 130% increase in the fracture toughness (K_IC) of the cured resin with no loss of mechanical and thermal properties. The toughening mechanism is discussed in terms of the morphological and dynamic viscoelastic behaviors of the modified epoxy resin system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 388–399, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10363     

Rising Crack-Growth-Resistance (R-Curve) Behavior of Toughened Alumina and Silicon Nitride

R -curves for a sinter/HIPed SiC(whisker)-reinforced alumina and a sintered silicon nitride were assessed by direct measurements of lengths of cracks associated with Vickers indentation flaws. The fracture toughness measurements based on (a) initial (as-indented) crack lengths, (b) equilibrium growth of cracks during increasing far-field loading, and (c) crack lengths corresponding to unstable fracture showed definitive trends of R -curves for both materials. The fracture mechanics analyses employed an indenter-material constant that was independently estimated using a physical model for the residual driving force and a free surface correction factor that accounted for the effects of size and shape of the cracks on stress intensity. It is shown that R -curve estimations based on crack length measurements have the intrinsic advantage that crack length dependence of fracture toughness is not assumed a priori as is done in conventional analysis based on strength. The measured fracture toughness of SiC(whisker)-reinforced alumina was in agreement with the prediction of a toughening model based on crack bridging by partially debonded whiskers.     

Synthesis and evaluation of liquid amine‐terminated polybutadiene rubber and its role in epoxy toughening

Epoxy resin is widely used for coatings, adhesives, castings, electrical insulation materials, and other applications. However, unsolved problems still remain in its applications. The main problem is low toughness: cured epoxy resin is rather brittle, with poor resistance to the propagation of cracks derived from the internal stress generated by shrinkage in the cooling process from cure temperature to room temperature. The objective of this study was to improve the flexibility and toughness of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A based epoxy resin with a liquid rubber. For this purpose, amine‐terminated polybutadiene (ATPB) was synthesized. The product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. ATPB‐modified epoxy networks were made by curing with an ambient‐temperature curing agent, triethylene tetramine. We varied the epoxy/liquid rubber compositions to study the effect of toughener concentration on the impact and thermal properties. Higher mechanical properties were obtained for epoxy resins toughened with 1 phr ATPB. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2446–2453, 2005     

Crack–Tip Toughness of a Soft Lead Zirconate Titanate

Crack–opening displacement (COD) measurements were performed on a commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The intrinsic fracture toughness (or crack–tip toughness) of this material was determined using a new evaluation procedure, which takes into account the near–tip CODs and complete crack profile CODs. The crack–tip toughness K _I0 was determined from an extrapolation of COD data obtained at various loading stages, thus avoiding the complications caused by subcritical crack growth in PZT. Results for plane strain and plane stress condition are presented.     

Effects of welding wire composition and welding process on the weld metal toughness of submerged arc welded pipeline steel

The effects of alloying elements in welding wires and submerged arc welding process on the microstructures and low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals have been investigated.The results indicate that the optimal contents of alloying elements in welding wires can improve the low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals because the proentectoid ferrite and bainite formations can be suppressed,and the fraction of acicular ferrite increases.However,the contents of alloying elements need to vary along with the welding heat input.With the increase in welding heat input,the contents of alloying elements in welding wires need to be increased accordingly.The microstructures mainly consisting of acicular ferrite can be obtained in weld metals after four-wire submerged arc welding using the wires with a low carbon content and appropriate contents of Mn,Mo,Ti-B,Cu,Ni,and RE,resulting in the high low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals.     

兆瓦级风电球铁件低温冲击韧性的影响因素

为了获得具有良好低温冲击性能的兆瓦级风电球铁铸件,对实际生产中的附铸试件-20℃ V型缺口冲击性能进行了测试,并对其成分、基体组织、石墨球大小及分布情况进行分析,研究了兆瓦级风力发电机组球铁件低温冲击韧性影响因素.结果表明：在低P、S的前提下,通过合理的熔炼工艺控制,终Si量在2.3%时可以使单位面积的石墨球数量增加,石墨球细小,低温冲击值最佳;Mn在0.2%~0.3%之间变化时对低温冲击韧性影响并不明显;基体组织中珠光体在5%以下时,低温冲击值无明显变化,珠光体大于12.5%时,低温冲击值急剧下降.